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UM - Neuro Conditions > Multi-site Conditions > Flashcards

Multi-site Conditions Flashcards

Brain Tumors and Cancer

1
Q

What are the goals of rehab for those w/brain tumors

A
  • improve body structure & function, activity and participation limitations
  • Improve quality of life
  • Opportunity to return home
  • Takes an interdisciplinary team
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2
Q

What is the incidence of brain tumors in:

a) Adults
b) Children

A

a) 63,000 cases per year

b) 4,000 cases a year

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3
Q

What is the Etiology

A
  • some heredity maybe/questionable

- causal effect, with certain chemicals, materials, and environments

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4
Q

What are primary brain tumors

A

Originate in the CNS and typically do not metastasize (no lymph system to transport the cancerous cells)

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5
Q

What are the secondary brain tumors

A

Metastasize to the CNS from sites outside of the brain, but the blood-brain barrier is somewhat protected from these

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6
Q

List the primary tumors

A 
Gliomas
Meningiomas
Pituitary Adenomas
Schwannomas
Primary CNS lymphomas
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7
Q

What are the four types of Gliomas

A

Astrocytomas
Oligodendrogliomas
Ependymomas
Medulloblastomas

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8
Q 
What type of brain tumors compose:
42% of all brain tumors
35% of all brain tumors
33% of all brain tumors
13% of all CNS tumors
A

Gliomas
Astrocytoma (sub of glial)
Meningiomas
Pituitary Adenomas

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9
Q

Where are gliomas located?

A
  • Cerebral hemispheres

- Also: Optic nerve, BS, SC

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10
Q

What is the morphology behind astrocytomas?

A
  • Circumscribed: less likelihood of metastasis

- Diffuse: Infrequently infiltrate surrounding brain structures

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11
Q

Low grade vs intermediate grade astrocytomas

A

Low-grade astrocytomas are the slowest growing vs intermediate are at a moderate rate

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12
Q

Where do you find astrocytomas?

A
  • Frontal lobes: Adults

- Cerebellum: Children

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13
Q

What is a characteristic sign of a low-grade astrocytomas?

A
  • Unilateral headaches

- Personality changes

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14
Q

T or F: It is easy to surgically remove a low-grade astrocytoma

A

True! and it results in better survival rates

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15
Q

List the types of astrocytomas

A

Low-grade astrocytoma
Intermediate grade astrocytoma
Glioblastomas

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16
Q

Which type of astrocytoma is the fastest growing?

A

Glioblastomas

17
Q

T or F: Glioblastomas have a slow progression of symptoms

A

False, they have a rapid progression of symptoms

18
Q

What is an oligodendroglioma?

A

A slow-growing, bur ptrogressive tumors that develop over several years in the myelin-producing dendrocytes in the frontal, temporal or parietal lobes

19
Q

What are oligodendrogliomas characterized by?

A
  • Chronic headaches

- History of partial or generalized seizures

20
Q

What is an ependymoma?

A
  • Affects the ependymal lining of the ventricular system (esp. 4th ventricle) and can also affect the central canal of the spinal cord
21
Q

What are the s/s of ependymoma?

A

Increased ICP

22
Q

What is a medulloblastoma?

A

Rapidly growing, malignant tumor of the cerebellum and that arise from primitive embryonic cells that may metastasize to the SC and higher brain areas

23
Q

What is a common s/s of medulloblastoma?

A

Hydrocephalus of the 4th ventricle causing increased ICP

24
Q

What is a meningioma?

A

A slow growing CNS tumors that originate from cells in dura or arachnoid membrane, where the majority are benign, well-encapsulated tumors

25
Q

What is a pituitary adenoma

A

Benign epithelial tumors of the pituitary gland characterized by hyper- or hypo-secretion of hormones that is rare before puberty

26
Q

Which type of tumors frequently encroach on the optic chiasm

A

Pituitary adenomas

27
Q

What are schwannomas?

A

Encapsulated tumors composed of neoplastic Schwann cells that frequently involves the 8th CN, but can involve any cranial or spinal nerve

28
Q

What is only 1% of all intracranial tumors?

A

Primary CNS lymphomas, but it is increased frequency in individuals with AIDS

29
Q

What are the s/s of primary CNS lymphomas?

A
  • Behaviour and personality changes
  • Confusion
  • Dizziness
  • Enlarged lymph nodes
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Unintended weight loss
  • Fatigue
30
Q

What are metastatic brain tumors and order of origination

A 
Originate from malignancies outside of the CNS:
Lung Cancer
Breast
Skin
GI
Kidneys
31
Q

What are the s/s of primary and secondary tumors

A
  • headaches, seizures, cognitive and personality changes, and or focal signs
32
Q

Headaches s/s

A
  • start as dull, intermittent, and non-specific on the same side as the tumor
  • Interrupt sleep or are worse upon waking and may improve throughout the day
  • Nausea, vomiting, and papilledema associated
33
Q

Seizures - stats

A

Present in 1/3 of cases

34
Q

Cognitive and personality changes s/s

A
  • altered mental status

- may start as subtle changes in concentration, meory, affect, personality, initiative, and or abstract reasoning

35
Q

What is papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic nerve, less frequent due to improved diagnostic imaging

UM - Neuro Conditions (12 decks)

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