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UM - Neuro Conditions > Aging, Dementia and Alzheimer's > Flashcards

Aging, Dementia and Alzheimer's Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Overall brain weight decreases with age

A

True!

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2
Q

What are senile plaques

A

Extracellular deposits of amyloid in gray matter of the brain

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3
Q

Where do you find senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles most frequently?

A

In the cortex and the hippocampus

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4
Q

What are neurofibrillay tangles?

A
  • pathological accumulation of helical filaments, found in higher concentration in older adults and alzheimer’s disease and dementia
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5
Q

What natural changes occur in the vestibular system over time

A
  • they dec. in #

- myelinated fiber loss occurs

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6
Q

What natural changes occur in the somatosensory system over time

A
  • dec. number of (un)myelinated nn fibers w/age
  • less blood supply to the nerves
  • dec # sensory receptors
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7
Q

What natural changes occur in the motor system over time

A
  • loss of alpha motor neurons

- dec. space b/t nodes of Ranvier leading to dec. NCV

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8
Q

What natural changes occur in the nervous system over time

A
  • dec. synthesis of NT

- Reduction of serotonin (red. mem, sleep patterns affected, thermoregulation is an issue)

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9
Q

What is an age-related cognitive issue (Not dementia)

A

Benign Senescent Forgetfulness:

- a mild decline in STM that does not progress to other mental impairments

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10
Q

Define Dementia

A

A dec. in intellectual function SEVERE enough to interfere w/a person’s relationships and ability to carry out daily activities

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11
Q

What s/s are involved in dementia

A 
- Cognitive Impair + >=
abstract thinking
judgement
problem solving
dec. f of comm
personality
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12
Q

List the types of dementia

A
  1. Alzheimer’s
  2. Vascular Dementia
  3. Dementia w/Lewy bodies (DLB)
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13
Q

What is the most common form of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s dementia 50-70% of cases

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14
Q

What is vascular dementia?

A

An insidious, subtly-progressive worsening of memory and cognition due to chronic, reduced blood flow in the brain as a result of vascular changes

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15
Q

What is Dementia w/Lewy Bodies (DLB)

A
  • third most common cause

- DLB and PD may be linked due to rln of motor disorders and lewy bodies/STM

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16
Q

What are some of the causes of irreversible dementia?

A
  • Alzheimers
  • Vascular
  • DLB
  • PD
  • HD
  • HIV
17
Q

What are some of the reversible conditions that can cause dementia-like symptoms?

A
  • Depression
  • Medication side effects
  • Drug interactions
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Chronic alcoholism
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Benign brain tumor
  • Brain infection
18
Q

Define Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Most common form of dementia among older adults that involves parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language and can seriously affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities

19
Q

What is the 7th leading cause of death in the US

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

20
Q

What is the AD Histology

A

Beta-amyloid plaques are formed

Neurofibrillay tangles

21
Q

What are beta - amyloid plaques composed of

A

Abnormal clusters of amyloid precursor proteins (APP)

22
Q

What are neurofibrillary tangles composed of?

A

Strands of tau protein inside dead and dying nerve cells

- most common in the temporal lobe structures, such as the hippocampus and amygdala

23
Q

What occurs w/early AD

A
  • slight changes in thinking and planning, learning and memory
24
Q

What occurs w/mild to moderate AD

A
  • memory or thinking problems that interfere w/work
  • confused
  • difficulty handling money, expressing themselves, and organizing their thoughts
  • Changes in personality and behaviour and have trouble recognizing friends and family members
  • Speaking and comprehension
  • Sensory integration
  • Visual-spatial
25
Q

What occurs w/severe AD

A
  • individuals lose their ability to communicate, to recognize self, family and loved ones, and to care for themselves
26
Q

What are some tests for AD?

A
  • MMSE

- Clock drawing

27
Q

What is the intervention for AD?

A
  • Anti-cholinesterase for mem
  • Antioxidants, vitamin E for free radical
  • NSAIDs
  • hormone replacement

UM - Neuro Conditions (12 decks)

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