Multi-hazardous Area Philippines Flashcards
Background
. Group of 7000 islands in the South China Sea in Southeast Asia.
. Vulnerable population of 98 million
. 11 million in Manila
. GDP is only $4700 per year so mitigation spending is limited
. Wide range of hazards: Geophysical (Volcanic eruptions, landslides, earthquakes and tsunamis) and Hydro-meteorological (Typhoons, floods, droughts and landslides)
. Philippines ranks 8th according to World Bank’s natural Disaster hotspot list of countries most exposed to multiple hazards
. 60% vulnerable
Earthquakes
. Philippines and Eurasian plates can become locked together as the Philippine plate is subducted
. Located on a destructive plate zone + subduction zone
. Pressure has created many faults on which earthquakes occur
. 1999 Luzon island earthquake measured 7.8 and killed over 1500 people
. Between 1900 and 2011 a total of 22 deadly earthquakes occurred killing over 9500 people and causing $230 million in damage
Volcanic eruptions
. Stratocone volcano as it is at destructive boundary
. Since 1900 there have been 22 deadly volcanic eruptions
. The largest recent eruption was the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo. This killed 500 people and led to a global atmospheric cooling and impacting hemispheric crop production
. The cost of eruption damage since 1900 totals over $2.3 billion
Tropical storms
. Typhoon Haiyan
. 257 storm events since 1900 during tropical storm season. Total cost of damage in excess of $6.5 billion
. On average they experience 7-10 events each year
. Haiyan had the highest ever recorded wind speeds
Tsunami
. Submarine earthquakes have triggered tsunamis in the Philippines
. Tsunami that hit Mindanao in 1976 was 4-5m high and damaged 14 buildings
Landslides
. Heavy rain leads to landslides which have killed hundred since 1900
. Clean up from landslides takes a very long time to do
Flooding
. Coastal and river flooding is common (over 150 events since 1900)
. These displace hundreds of thousands of people
Why doesn’t the government protect against all hazards
. Not possible to protect against all hazards due to high frequency + different hazard types
. Don’t have the money
. One protection measure against a hazard may encourage another
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
. Working group of government, non-government, civil society, and private sector organisations
. Responsible for ensuring the protection and welfare of the people during disasters.
. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 shifted the government’s focus from emergency relief to disaster risk reduction and prevention
. Government made a national disaster risk management (DRM) plan to implement the requirements set out by this legislation.
Philippine disaster management team
. 2018 published a hazard risk management handbook and distributed it widely
. As a LIC nation the Philippines has several agreed partnerships to help with hazard response and risk reductions
. These include the red cross, federal agricultural organisation, ActionAid, the Asian development bank and Australian Aid.
. The red cross takes responsibility for the distribution of humanitarian aid following natural disasters
The climate experiment project
. Software that calculates the % chance of rain (PCOR) using infrared and water vapor satellite image data, and Doppler Radar data in combination with statistical evaluation of historical rainfall
Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards
. A service that aims to increase awareness for disaster risk and involves preparedness and reducing the catastrophic impacts of extreme hazard events
Philippine Geoportal
Advocates the use of standard multi-scale base maps that serve as tools for strategic planning, decision making, situational analysis and other common requirements
