Human Hazard Response Models

Question 1

Park model

Answer 1

Considers how the standard of living and economic status of an affected area changes following an event.

Question 2

Relief phase

Answer 2

. The immediate response, focus is on saving lives and property
. Charity teams (e.g. the red cross), from outside the immediate area help with search, rescue and care operations
. Urgent medical supplies, rescue equipment, clothing and food may be brought in

Question 3

Rehabilitation phase

Answer 3

More complex than relief, this may last for several months, efforts are made to restore physical and community structures, at least temporarily.

Question 4

Reconstruction, mitigation and preparedness

Answer 4

. Permanent changes are introduced to restore the quality of life and economic stability to the pre-disaster level or better.
. This can also include mitigation and preparedness – reducing vulnerability.

Question 5

Relief

Answer 5

The set of activities implemented after the impact of a disaster in order to assess the needs reduce the suffering limit the spread and the consequences of the disaster open the way to rehabilitation.

Question 6

Resilience

Answer 6

How able a community is to adapt and to recover.

Question 7

Emergency

Answer 7

A state in which normal procedures are suspended and extra-ordinary measures are taken in order to avert or deal with a disaster.

Question 8

Rehabilitation and reconstruction actions include:

Answer 8

• Repair and reconstruction of lifelines and building
• Measures to turn around post-earthquake economic downturns
• Financial assistance after losses
The recovery period is also a good time to adopt new mitigation measures such as a more earthquake- resistant built environment

Question 9

What may change the time it takes to reach reconstruction?

Answer 9

. GDP + building quality
. Political stability
. Location 
. Magnitude + frequency of hazard
. Associated hazards

Question 10

Hazard management cycle

Answer 10

Hazard response is always cyclical as no natural hazard can be guaranteed to only occur once.

Question 11

Hazard response cycle sections

Answer 11

. Hazard event (risk - hazard: severity, probability / vulnerability: root causes, social forces, unsafe conditions)
. Response (rescue and evacuation, relief and external support)
. Recovery (long-term recovery: internal and reconstruction process)
. Prevention/mitigation (ongoing Process to Lessen the Severity of Hazard on People/Property)
. Preparation (Actions Prior to event to activate necessary resources)