Multi Engine Flashcards
vFE- max flaps extended speed
111 kts
vXSE- One engine inoperative best angle of climb speed
82 kts
vMCA- minimum controllable airspeed- lowest airspeed at which the plane is controllable with one engine inoperative and no flaps. (Red line)
56 kts
vNE- Never exceed speed
202 kts
Green Arc- normal range
57 kts- 169 kts
White Arc ( Flaps Down )
55 kts - 111 kts
vXSE- Blue Radial line- one engine inoperative best angle of climb speed
82 kts
vMCA- Red Radial line- one engine inoperative minimum controllable airspeed
56 kts
Usable fuel
54 gallons/side
108 total
vR
75 kts
Vy- best rate of climb speed
88 kts
Vno- caution range
169 kts
Vso- stalling speed in landing configuration
55 kts
Vs- stalling speed clean
57 kts
Vlo- extend
140 kts
Vlo- retract
109 kts
Landing Procedures
- Downwind- 20” MP, 110 kts
- Cleared to land- 17” MP, gear down, flaps 25 degrees, 90 kts, add flaps on base/final
- Short final- 85 kts
Takeoff procedures
- 2000 RPM, hold brakes
- Verify all in the green
- Vr- 75 kts
- Vy- 88 kts
- Positive rate of climb, negative runway, Gear up!!
Maneuvering altitude for multi engine
3000 AGL
Vmc demonstration procedure
- IP3C’s
- Reduce throttle to 15” MP- slow to 100 kts- maintain altitude and heading
- Reduce LEFT throttle to idle
- Increase RIGHT throttle to full
- Pitch for 88 kts- bank no more than 5 degrees
- Reduce airspeed 1 kt/second and increase rudder to maintain heading
- Indication of stall- RIGHT throttle to idle
- Directional control
- Pitch 88 kts
- Bring back throttles to 22” MP to recover
Add rudder into operating engine
Add rudder into operating engine
Prop configuration on takeoff
- prop forward
-low pitch/high RPM
Ex. Bicycle- lower gear setting, more power by peddling faster with less speed
Prop configuration in cruise
-prop pulled back
-high pitch/low rpm
Ex. Bicycle- higher gear setting, more power, less power needed
What is Blue line?
Best single-engine climb speed
What is Vmc?
Minimum speed which directional control can be maintained with one engine out.
What are the factors that affect Vmc? (SMACFUM)
- Standard Air
- Max Power
- Aft CG
- Critical prop windmilling
- Flaps down
- Undercarriage/Gear down
- Most unfavorable weight
- Sideslip/bank angle
Standard Air (Vmc)
Increases Vmc
Performance increases
WHY? More dense air to yaw/roll the plane
Max Power (Vmc)
Vmc increases
Performance increases
WHY? The more thrust on the operating engine, the more rudder is needed to stop the resulting yaw.
Aft CG (Vmc)
Vmc increases
Performance increases
WHY?
AFT CG = less stable, shorter arm to control surfaces, less leverage.
Performance = Increases with Aft CG due to tail down force. Less lift is required to keep the airplane level. Increase in airspeed due to less AOA needed to keep the airplane level.
Anything moving the CG FORWARD, will make the rudder more effective. Larger arm = larger rudder moment = rudder more effective
Critical Prop Windmilling (Vmc)
Vmc increases
Performance decreases
WHY? Vmc increases due to increased drag and yawning to inop engine.
Performance decreases due to increased drag.
Flaps down (Vmc)
Vmc decreases
Performance decreases
WHY? Vmc decreases because more induced drag from good engine prevents yaw towards dead engine. Performance decreases because more airflow over flaps causes greater drag, causing increased yaw/roll. More adverse yaw = more induced drag.
Gear down (Vmc)
Vmc depends on location of CG
Performance decreases
WHY? Vmc depends on location of CG and can decrease with keel effect. Performance decreases because of parasite drag.
GEAR DOWN- acts like the keel of a boat giving the aircraft a stabilizing effect. This stabilizing effect helps prevent a turn, which lowers Vmc.
Sideslip/bank angle (Vmc)
0 degrees of bank- Vmc increases, performance decreases
2-3 degrees of bank- Vmc neutral, performance increases
5 degrees of bank- Vmc decreases, performance decreases
Most unfavorable weight (Vmc)- lighter weight
Vmc increases
Performance decreases
What determines the critical engine?(PAST)
P-factor
Accelerated slipstream
Spiraling slipstream
Torque
How are the negative characteristics of a swept wing mitigated?
Leading edge slats
Flaps
What is V1?
V1- commit to fly speed. At which time you determine to continue the flight if an engine fails.
In Air:
- Throttle controls MP
-Prop controls RPM
Cruise setting:
1. Throttle sets MP
2. Prop sets RPM
Climb setting:
1. Prop first
2. Throttle second
To reduce power we start with the knob closest to us. To increase power it’s the opposite.
