Muhammad Ali Pasha Flashcards
Who was in control of Egypt from 1250 until the end of the 18th century?
In 1250 the Mamluks seized control, in 1517 the Ottoman Empire had conquered Egypt. However the Mamluks still retained control of large parts of Egypt and by the start of the 18th century, they regained most of the former power.
What problems did the Egyptian ruling class suffer that made it so easily taken over by the French?
The Egyptian ruling class was primarily divided into 2 factions: Ibrahim and Murad Bey (Ismail Bey’s followers and him were killed by the plague). Ibrahim and Murad were more worried about their own personal fortunes rather than governing. Many towns lost their population, and the fighting and taxes ruined Egypt’s trade.
After the French were defeated by the British, what was their role in Egypt?
They were there to protect the remaining Mamluks from Ottoman revenge.
What role did Muhammed play in Egypt after the French left?
Ali was originally apart of a regime sent by the Ottomans to oust the French. After they left, Ali’s commanding officer died and Ali became command of Egypt. In 1805 this was recognized by the Sultan in Istanbul.
What is hereditary rule?
A family is given power to rule and succession goes through their blood.
Give one example of Muhammad’s economic and one example of Administrative reforms
Economic: Most of Egypt’s agricultural land converted to state’s and the government had a stricter control of economy.
Administrative: Ali disbanded mercenary army and the army conscripted from peasant class, commanded by Turks and those outside of Egypt.
What was the final outcome for the Mamluks after Muhammad was in power?
The Mamluks could not unite so they finally lost power. Ali eliminated the remaining Mamluks.
In 1821, what did the sultan ask of Muhammad and why?
In 1821 the Sultan had asked Egypt to help suppress the Greek revolt on the island of Crete.
What happened to the Ottoman– Egyptian fleet in Navarino?
At the Battle of Navarino in 1827, Europe intervention in Greece caused the destruction of the fleet.
Why did foreign powers assist the Ottomans against Muhammad?
Muhammad had gained control of Syria as far north as Adana (1831-1833) and in the Battle of Nizip (1838-1841) the decisive defeat of Ottoman fleet lead to intervention by Europe. Muhammad Ali had to much power they wanted to curtail his power because they were afraid the Ottomans would turn to Russia for protection. and in July 1840 the foreign powers agreed to end Egyptian rule in Syria.
