Causes of Crimean War & The Crimean War Flashcards
Who did the Ottoman Sultan give the dominant authority over churches in Nazareth, Bethleham, and Jerusalem in 1690?
The Roman Catholic Church
Why did Eastern Orthodox influence increase in the Ottoman Empire in the 1840s? What was the effect of this?
There were a lot of Eastern Orthodox pilgrims which flooded into the Ottoman Empire. This resulted in scuffles between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches from 1847-1848, of which the Orthodox church was successful.
Describe what occurred in 1850 between Louis Napoleon and Nicholas II.
- Louis Napoleon was Catholic and Nicholas II was Eastern Orthodox.
- Both leaders wished to control the holy sites in the Ottoman Empire
- Nicholas had previously insulted Louis with his insult of “mon frere” instead of “mon ami”
Who did the Ottoman Empire give the keys to the Church of the Nativity to? What was the ultimate result of this?
The Ottoman Empire gave the keys to the French Roman Catholics; however, the keys didn’t fit and it was secretly promised to the Russians. By 1852 the French gained control anyway.
Who was Menshikov? What did he do?
A Russian diplomat who delivered the message to the Ottoman officials that Russia was not happy with the treatment of Orthodox Christians. He demanded the establishment of a Russian protectorate.
Who was the Sultan during the beginning of the Crimean War?
Sultan Abdulmecid I
Who was Strafford? What did he do?
Strafford was a British Ambassador. He had access to the Sultan, and encouraged him to refuze Czar Nicholas II’s demands regarding a Russian protectorate.
Where did Russia invade in 1853? What were the reactions of other countries to this?
Russia invaded Turkish Moldavia and Wallachia. France became noisy, Britain assembled a mediterranean fleet, Austria-Hungary began to mobilize, and Prussia began a partial mobilization.
What did the Vienna Note of 1853 state?
- Czar would evacuate Moldavia and Wallachia
- Russia should have normal protection of Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire and holy places.
What was the major criticism of the Vienna Note?
There was no military enforcement to back up the note
What did the Sultan do in reaction to the Vienna Note?
He rejected it and declared war on Russia
Brinkmanship
the art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping, typically in politics.
AKA RUSSIA
What was the first battle of the Crimean War?
Battle of Sinope (1853)
Who were the participants in the Battle of Sinope (1853)?
The Russians (Black Sea fleet which was Sevastopol-based) VS the Ottoman Turks
What was the result of the Battle of Sinope?
The Russians won- the Turkish fleet sunk
