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PA2203- Final > Mucosal Immunology > Flashcards

Mucosal Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the mucosa (3)

A
  1. one or more layers of epithelium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Lamina propria (loose connective tissue rich in cells including fibroblasts, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and mast cells)
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2
Q

What is the function of mucous membranes (2)

A
  1. stop pathogen and foreign material entry (1st layer of protection)
  2. Help keep body hydrated
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3
Q

What cells secrete mucus and where are they found (3)

A

Goblet cells secrete mucins

type of modified columnar epithelial cells found in different parts of the respiratory, reproduction and gastro tracts

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4
Q

Where are immune cells found in mucus membranes (2)

A

embeded in epithelium +/or loosly in the lamina proproa

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5
Q

What are MALTs

A

sites where adaptove immune responses are generated in mucosal tissues

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6
Q

what are the 4 types of MALT

A

GALT (peyes patches, isolated lympoid follicles, vermiform apendix, tonsils, mesenteric lymph nodes)

NALT
BALT
VALT

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7
Q

Movemebt of t + b cells thru peyers patches/isolated lympoif follicles

A

activate t + b cells

-once activated they can move to epithelium etc

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8
Q

Where are peyers patches found

A

Aggregated lymphoid nodules found in the small intestine (mainly in the distal jejunum and ileum)

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9
Q

What MALT is waldeyers tonsillar ring part of and 4 types

A

Considered part of NALT (generate responses to antigens in nasopharynx)

-Pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, palantine tonsil, lingual tonsil

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10
Q

What are the mucus membrane instrinsic barriers (6)

A
  • Mucus
  • Junctional proteins (tight packed)
  • IL-22 ( keeps junctional pros working)
  • Mucosal antibodies (iGa)
  • Antimicrobial peptides
  • microorgansims
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11
Q

How do antigens get thru mucosal tissue

A

Can either diffuse of be transfered via specialized epithelial cells (m cells)

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12
Q

What happens to antigens once they move across the mucosal tissue

A

Local APCs sample mucosal antigens and activate t cells in nearby MALTS (payers patches etc) ( can also be activated by mucosal b cells)

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13
Q

What is the inductive vs effector site when generating a immune response

A

Inductive sites- MALTS (where mucosal adaptove immune responses are activated)

Effector sites- where the activated mucosal t cells and b cells exert their function (could be close or far away but usually mucosal t cells are primed to move back to mucosal sites after activation)

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14
Q

When t cells are activated in presense of RA(retinoic acid) (found in gut) what is expressed

A

integrin a4B7 and chemokine receptor ccr9

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15
Q

What is the function of integrin A4B7 and chemokine receptor ccr9 on MALT activated t cells

A
  • CCR9 is specific to CCL25 which is abundant in the gut (chemotaxis)
  • A4B7 binds to madcam-1 which is on vascular endothelial cells (allows t cells entry back to mucosal sites)
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16
Q

What cells convert Vit A to retinoic acid

A

in specialized cells that express CD103

17
Q

what are 3 ways activated mucosal t cells can be found

A
  1. Intraepitheleal lymphocytes
  2. Isolated lymphocytes in lamina propria
  3. effector cells in organized MALTS
18
Q

Ratio of CD4 to CD8 t cells in lamina propria

A

CD4:CD8 is 2:1

similar to non mucosal peripheral lympoid t cells

19
Q

Ratio of CD4 to CD8 t cells when embeded in mucus membrane (intraepitheleal lymphocytes)

A

CD4:CD8 = 1:8

20
Q

How do intraepithel lymphocytes embed into the epithelium

A

Express aE:b7(cd103) whihc binds to e cadherin on epithelial cells allowing them to embed

21
Q

Function of intraepitheleal lymphocytes

A

dont need priming by APCs

-upon encountering antigens they immediately release cytokines and cause killing of infected/stressed cells

22
Q

Where are naive mucosal b cells found and what activates them

A

reside in MALTS and await activation by actiated t cels

23
Q

what is the dominant class of antibody produced at mucosal surfaces and what is the primary function

A
  • IgA produced by plasma cells

- primarily function in neutralization

24
Q

what is the structure of secretory IgA in mucosa

A

Dimeric (two identigal igAs linked by J chain

25
Q

What is the movement of Secretory IgA (+ what is the receptor name)

A

Moves from basolateral side of epithelium to lumen by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor expressed on basolateral side

26
Q

What are the components of secratory Iga

A

Dimetrc IgA with part of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor still attached

27
Q

What is the mc primary immunodeficiency disease and what are they more susceptible to

A

Selective IgA deficiency

-increased incidence of upper and lower respiratory gastro infections

28
Q

DCs in the gut that express cd103 (aeb7) also act as what

A

can induce iTREG formation against non self antigens that enter the gut
(oral tolerance against food antigens/gut bac)

PA2203- Final (11 decks)

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