Cancer II Flashcards
Skin cancer risk factors
- exposure to UV radiation
- fair skin
- moles
- tanning beds
- fam hx
Basal cell carcinoma characteristics (what cells does it affect)
m. c skin cancer
- Slow growing neoplasm of the non keratinized cells of stratum basal
- superficial, red, painless growths that are shiny w dimple inside
Squamous cell carcinoma characteristics
- cancer of the superficial layers of the epidermis
- firm, red pimple/nodulae often w ulcers/crusting
are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cancers malignant
normally non metastasizing malignant neoplasms
What type of cancer is melonona
malignant neoplasm of melanocytes
What are tx for melonoma
- surgery
- BRAF inhibitors
What is the ABCDE rule
asymetry border color (blue.white) Diameter Evolving
2 main types of lung cancers
- Small cell carcinoma- heavy smokers, less common, more aggressive/fatal
- Non small cell cancer carcinoma-mc,
S/S of lung cancer
chronic cough, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue
What are colorectal polyps + age
benign protrusions of colonic granular epithelium (rarely are malignant)
+50
What type of cancer is colorectal cancer
98% of colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas
Risk factors and S/S of colorectal cancer
risk- 50+, fam hx, polyps, obesity, alcohol
S/S- persistent changes in bowel habits, persistent abdominal discomfort, feeling like bowel doesn’t empty completely
Screening and dx of colorectal cancers
screening- Focal occult blood test every 2 years (age 50+)
Dx- colonoscopy, blood tests
What type of cancer are pancreatic cancers
Adenocarcinomas
s/s and prognosis of pancreatic cancer
- sympotoms appear at later stages
- jaundice, pain in upper abdomen, fatty light colored stool, weight loss, anorexia etc
Poor prog- 5ysr is 5%
what oncogene is associated w 90% of pancreatic cancer cases
K ras oncogene
Difference bw hodgkins and non hodgkins lymphoma
Hodgkins lymphoma- 15%, B cell cancers that feature reed sternberg cells
non Hodgkins- 85% of lymphomas, increases w age, B cells, t cells or NK cells, less favourable prog
Who is leukaemia mc in
Mc cancer in children <12yold
What are the types of leukemia and mc types in children/adults (4)
- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia- mc children
- Acute myelogenous leukaemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia- mc in adult
- Chromic myelogenous leukemia
What is the philadelphia chromosome and what does it do
Translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 resulting in oncogene causing unregulated cell proliferation in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Where are the mutations that cause most breast cancers
BRCA1 and BRCA2
How does HER2 impact breast cancer
becomes over expressed and is structurally similar to EGFR thus becomes an aggressive cancer
What medication can block signalling in hormone receptor positive cancers
estrogen/progesterone receptor modulators such as tamoxifen
What are most renal cancers and mc pop
Renal cell carcinoma in adults >55
