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Immuno- 2nd test > Mucosal Immunity > Flashcards

Mucosal Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

mucosal tissues (MALT)

A 
Gastrointestinal tract (GALT)
 Respiratory tract (BALT)
 Nasal mucosa (NALT)
 Salivary glands
 Lacrimal glands
 Mammary glands
 Genito-urinary tract
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2
Q

Main Ig

A

IgA

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3
Q

how much Ig is produced in mucosal areas

A

70-80%

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4
Q

M cells

A

specialized mucosal cells that take up antigens entering the digestive tract. They internalize and transport the antigen across the epithelium where it can be taken up by APCs

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5
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

lymphoid nodules located in the small intestine. site of T cell activation

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6
Q

B cells in MALT produce

A

IgA only

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7
Q

Intraepithelial lymphocytes

A

CD8 positive T cells that lie within the epithelial lining of the gut. Kill infected epithelial cells

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8
Q

process of IEL killing

A
  1. Virus infects mucosal epithelia cell
  2. Infected cell displays viral peptide via MHC class I to CD8 IEL
  3. Activated IEL kills infected epithelia’s cell by perforin/granzyme and Fas-dependent pathways
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9
Q

first line of mucosal defense

A

epithelial cell provide innate defense

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10
Q

3 ways salmonella typhimurium can penatrate the epithelium

A
  1. endter and kill M cells then infect macrophages and epithelial cells
  2. invade luminal surface of epithelial cells
  3. ender dendrites of DCs that are sampling the gut luminal contents
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11
Q

IgA deficiency

A

usually no clinical symptoms

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12
Q

IgA transport across the epithelium

A

binding of IgA to receptor on the basolateral face of epithelial cell
endocytosis
transport to apical face of epithelial cell
release of IgA dimer at apical face of epithelial

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13
Q

IgA function

A

Secreted IgA on the gut surface can bind and neutrilized pathogens (barrier function)
IgA is able to bind and neutralize antigens internalized in endosomes (intraepithelial viral neutralization)
IgA can export toxins and pathogens from the lamina propria while being secreted (excretory immunity)

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14
Q

IgA in breast milk

A

sIgA- provides passive immunity

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15
Q

The Potential of 
Oral (Mucosal) Immunization advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages:
Ease of Administration
Generate both mucosal and
systemic immunity

Disadvantages:
Response may be short-lived
Difficult to elicit robust immune response-because of tolerance

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16
Q

Immunity

A

protective immunity for invasive bacteria, viruses, toxins, produces intestinal IgA Specific Ab present in serum t-cell response local and systemic effector and memory T-cells, enhanced response with reexposure

17
Q

Tolerance

A

Antigens, food proteins, commensal bacteria, Ig produced is some local IgA, low or no Ab in serum, No local effector T-cell response, Low or no response to antigen reexposure

18
Q

mouse experiment

A

mice fed with ovalbumin prior to injection did not develop immunity while those who were not fed did not

19
Q

Commensal bacteria role

A

prevent toxins from getting a hold in the mucosa

20
Q

largest organ of immune system

A

mucosa

21
Q

most pathogens enter the immune system enter via

A

the mucosa

22
Q

induction of immunity is mediated by

A

m cells

23
Q

activated T and B cells home to

A

mucosal sites

24
Q

Predominant Ig

A

mucosal (dimeric) IgA

25
Q

tolerance vs immunity determined by

A

context of antigen presentation (DC); inflammation leads to immunity; no inflammation Treg cells

26
Q

dimeric IgA is produced by

A

plasma cells within the mucosal lamina propria

27
Q

pIgR

A

polymeric immunoglobulin receptor- binds to dimeric IgA on the basal surface of mucosal epithelial cells. the IgA-pIGR complex is endocytosed and transported through the cell to the luminal side. (only binds polymeric immunoglobulins (dimeric IgA or pentameric IgM)

28
Q

secretory component

A

the part of pIgR that remains covalently bound to the dimeric IgA after a small piece is cleaved during transport.

29
Q

cell types required for secretory IgA production

A

plasma cells (in lamina propria) and epithelial cells of the mucosa

30
Q

pIgR deficiency

A

lack of IgA transport and increased mucosal leakiness

31
Q

IgA functions at mucosal surfaces

A

barrier- binds bacteria and viruses and prevents adhesion and invasion into mucosal tissues
intraepithelial viral neutralization-IgA that is internalized by mucosal epithelial cells
excretory immunity-viral particles that complex with dimeric IgA in the lamina propria may be transported out by pIgR
passive immunity- sIgA in breast milk

32
Q

key feature distinguishing between a response and tolerance

A

inflammation- antigen exposure+ inflammation= immune response. antigen exposure w/o inflammation= tolerance

33
Q

tolerance initiation signal

A

DC does not get activated in the presence of TSLP, PGEx and TGF-B, Immature DC gives a weak co-stimulatory signal inducing Treg formation

34
Q

Immunity initiation signal

A

microorganism penetrates the epithelium and activates DC, the DC expresses a strong co-stimulatory signal inducing T-cells to differentiate to Th1 and Th2 cells

35
Q

where is dimeric IgA produced

A

by plasma cells within the mucosal lamia propria

Immuno- 2nd test (11 decks)

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