MTC exam II week II Flashcards
What is the general design of amino acid degradation? What are the exceptions?
transfer the alpha amino group from the amino acid to alpha-ketogluterate. this forms glutamate and an alpha keto acid
exceptions: lys, thr, glutamate
ALT
alanine amino transferase
alanine + alpha-ketogluterate –> pyruvate + glutamate
AST
aspartate + alpha-ketogluterate –> oxaloacetate + glutamate
What is one co-factor required by amino transferases? What is their mechanism of action?
PLP, a B6 derivative. these are ping-pong enzymes
Where does oxidative deamination take place? What are the reactants and products? What is the enzyme?
mitochondria of liver and kidney. glutamate +NAD(P) –> alphaketogluterate + ammonia + NAD(P)H
enzyme is L-glutamate Dehydrogenase
L glutamate dehydrogenase
converts glutamate and NAD(P) into ammonia and alpha ketogluterate and NAD(P)H in the mitochondria of the liver and kidneys
what two amino acids are exclusively ketogenic?
Leu and Lys
What two amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic?
Phe, Iso, Tyr, Trp, Thr
what amino acids can be broken down to form pyruvate?
alanine, cystein, serine, and part of tryptophan
what amino acids are broken down to form alpha ketogluterate?
glutamin, glutamate proline
What amino acids form oxaloacetate?
aspartate and asparagine
what amino acids form acetoacetyl CoA
tryptophan (part of) and lysine
What amino acids require the transfer of a single Carbon?
Thr, His, Met, Gly
When is biotin used as a cofactor in amino acid degredation?
biotin is used as a cofactor when you need to make a new carboxyl group from CO2, as in the degradation of Val, Met, Iso, Thr
What enzyme generates THF from folate?
dihydrofolate reductase