Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Usmle > MTB3- Neurology > Flashcards

MTB3- Neurology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Fqirst step when you’re suspeciouse of TIA?

A

Head non-contrast CT Scan to R/o hemorrhagic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

appraoch to TIA or stroke?

A
  • First step is to take a non contrast head CT to R/o hemorrhagic stroke. If it’s less than 3 hours start theombolytics , if it’s more than 3 hours then start ASA. If the patient is already on ASA switch to Clopidogrel or add Dipyridamole.
    Statins for all the patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Contraindications to thrombolytic therapy?

A
  • mass or tumor - cerebral trauma or brain
  • Hx of hemorrhagic strokes Surgery within 6 months
  • Active bleeding or surgery within 6 weeks - Aortic dissection
  • bleeding disorder - CPR within 3 weeks
  • stroke within 1 year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ophtalmic A. Leision?

A
  • Amaurosis Fugas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tx of cluster headache?

Prophylaxis of cluster headache?

A

Triptanes + o2

Verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Charactristics of Pseudotumor cerebri?

A
  • pupilledema with NL CT n MRI, headache, double vision ( sixth nerve palsy) , pulsutile tinitus
  • Weight loss
  • Acetazolamide
  • surgery, if it’s not possible then shunt or optic nerve sheath fenestration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the management of stroke after non- contrast CT and ASA or thrombolytics?

A
  • find the origine of the stroke:
  • echo to fanid vegetations or clot
  • ECG holter monitoring( if ECG is NL then Warfarin & dabigartan , Rivaroxaban for atrial fibrilation )
  • carotid dopler/ sono=> if there is more than 70 but less than 100 occulosion then end- Artherectomy
  • Always consider HTN, DM, Hyperlipidemia
  • if the patient is young then: ESR/ AnA / DS DNA/ protein c and s and factor v leiden and anti phospholipid syn. & VDRL/ RPR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lacunar stroke charactristics?

A
  • absence of cortical deficits - possible bulbar signs
  • Ataxia
  • Parkinsonian signs
  • Sensory deficit
  • Hemiparesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pos. Inf. cerebral A leision:

A
  • Ipsilateral face
  • contralateral body
  • vertigo n horner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pos. Cerebral A. Leision?

A

Prosopagnosia( inability to recognise faces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vertebrobasilar A leision?

A

1- Vertigo 6- Ataxia
2-Nausea n vomitting 7- bilateral findings
3- drop attack loss of conciousness 8- vertical nystagmus
4- dysarthria n dystonia
5- sensory changes in face and scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ant cerebral A leision?

A
  • profound lower extremity weakness
  • mild upper extremity weakness
  • urinary incontinence
  • Personality change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Middle cerebral A leision?

A
  • upper extremities weakness
  • Aphasia
  • Apraxia/ Neglect
  • eyes deviate toward the leision
  • contralateral homonymous Hemianopia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatmentof MILD Parkinson’s disease under 60 and over 60?

A

Under 60 => Benzotropine/Hydroxyzine

Over 60=> Amantadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1st and 2nd line for long term management of Parkinson?

A

1st line=> 1- valproic acid 2- Carbamazepine3- Phenytoin4- Levetiracetam 5- maybe Lamotrigine

2nd line=> Gabapantin / Phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What med to substitute for Levodopa when there is psychosis with levopdopa?

A

Quetiapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When parkinson meds are not effective which med to use?

A

COMPT inh. Tolcapone/ Entecapone

Mao inh. Selgiline/ Rasagiline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of severe parkinsonism ?

A

1- Levodopa carbidopa

2- RPG=> Ropirinole/ pramopaxole/ carbergoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the best initial test to DX MS?
What is the most accurate test to DX MS?
Tx of MS?

A
  • MRI
  • MRI/ if not diagnostic then lumbar tap and oligoclonal bands
  • steroids/ b- interferone/ glatiramer/ mitoxantrone/ natalizumab/ fingolimod/ dalfapiridine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diagnostic test for NPH ?

A

Head CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What tests need to be done in a patient with memory loss?

A
  • B12 level
  • thyroid function tests
  • head CT
  • VDRL or RPR
22
Q

Side effect of Natalizumab?

A

PML

23
Q

What is Lewy body dementia?

A

Parkinson+ dementia

24
Q

CJD management?

A
  • abnormal EEG
  • LP shows 14-3-3 pr
  • Brian Biopsy
25
Q

Is there dementia in Pick disease?

Management of Huntington?

A

Yes

Antipsychotics/ tetrabenzain for movement disorders

26
Q

What are the causes of Vertigo?

A
  • BPPV : changes with position
  • Vestibular Neuritis : vertigo occurs without position changes
  • Labyrinthitis : Acute+ hearing loss
  • Menieres disease: Chronic+ hearing loss
  • Acoustic Neuroma: Ataxia+ hearing loss - perilymph fistula: hx of trauma + hearing loss
27
Q

Tx of BBPV?
Tx of Vestibular neuritis?
Tx of Labyrinthitis?

A
  • Meclizine ( Antivert )
  • Meclizine
  • Steroids
28
Q

DDX for vertigo solo!?

A
  • BPPV ( Hallpike n Apply)

- Vestibular Neuritis ( Meclizine )

29
Q

DDX for Vertigo + tinitus+ hearing loss?

A 
Labyrintitis ( meclizine )
Menieres disease ( salt restriction n Diuretics)
30
Q

Dx for Vertigo+ hearing loss+ tinitus + Ataxia?!

A

Acoustic Neuroma

31
Q

Thousands of neurofils in csf?

A

Meningitis - start IV ceftriaxone/ Steroids/ Vancomycine

32
Q

When cryptoccocus is the answer?

A

Hiv patient CD

33
Q

Charactristics of rocky mountain spotted fever?

Tx for Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Rash started from wrists and ankles.

Doxycycline

34
Q

Tx for lyme disease?

A

IV ceftriaxone or Penicillin

35
Q

Best initial test for encephalitis?

Most accurate test for encephalitis?

A
  • Brain CT

- LP ( PCR of CSF)

36
Q

Next step in genoccocal meningitis?

A
  • Respiratory isolation and start prophylaxis with Rifampin, Cipro, ceftriaxone in people in close contact
37
Q

How is the management of PML?

A

Because it’s basically is in HIV positive patients , there is no specific TX other than raise CD4

38
Q

DX of Neurocysticercosis?

Tx for Neurocysticercosis?

A

Patient comes from Mexico with Seizure.
When the lesions are still active and there is no calcificationd Albendazole. When there are calcified and then only antiepileptics.

39
Q

How is the management of large intracranial hemorrhage?

A
  • hyperventilation by intubaion and decreasing Pco2 to 28-32 to have the brain vessles to be constricted
  • Manitol
  • Surgery
40
Q

Mechanismof cycosporine and Azathioprine?

A

Idecrease the function of T lymphocytes

41
Q

Best diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis?

Management of Myastenia gravis?

A
  • Anti Acetyl cholin RS Antibody, if it’s not charactristic then using Edrofonium and Tensilon test
  • Pyridostigmine and Neostigmine —- noresponse? ——> Steroids
    Need long term steroids? ———-> Azathioprine and Cyclophosphamide
42
Q

Tx of Diabetic Neuropathy?

A

Gabapantin/ pregabalin

43
Q

TIA & Stroke?

A
  • TIA takes less than 24 hours / stroke is more than 24 hours
  • TIA invloves the face and causes Aphasia
  • Stroke is more than 24 hours and has more seriouse consequences
44
Q

Tx for spinal epidural abcess?

A

Most of the time it’s staph and tx is Oxacillin or Naficillin.

45
Q

Urgent step in cord compression management?

A

Steroids to decrease the pressure

46
Q

Tx for proneal N palsy?

A

No Tx

47
Q

Tx for Radial N Palsy?

A

Splint+ anti inflammatory meds

48
Q

Tx for facial N palsy?

A

Steroids

49
Q

Other locations involved in facial N palsy other than face?

A
  • 2/3 ANT tongue

- ears( Hyperacusis )

50
Q

What is reflex sypathetic Dystrophy?

A

Excruciating burning pain by light touch of the prevoiuse injured organ.
NSAIDS/ Gabapantin/ Surgical Sypathectomy

Usmle (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions