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Farmacoterapia > MTB Semana 3 - Opioides > Flashcards

MTB Semana 3 - Opioides Flashcards

1
Q

Overall efectos de opioides

A

Aliviar el dolor, depresores SNC y euforia

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2
Q

Definición de opioide

A

Sustancia natural o sintética que actua en receptores opiodes (m, k y d)

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3
Q

Definición de opio

A

Extraído de adormidera que contiene morfina (17%) y codeína (4%) que se fuma o se come

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4
Q

Definición de opiáceos

A

Subclase de opioides de compuestos alcaloides de adormidera, son exógenos y naturales

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5
Q

Planta de opio

A

Papaver somniferum

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6
Q

Opioides exógenos y naturales (opiáceos)

A

Morfina y codeina

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7
Q

Opiodes exógenos y semisinteticos

A

Buprenorfina, heroina y oxicodoina

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8
Q

Opioides exogenos y sinteticos

A

Fentanilo, tramadol, metadona y hidromorfina

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9
Q

Opioides agonistas completos

A

Morfina, heroina, codeina, metadina y fentanilo

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10
Q

Opioides agonistas parciales

A

Buprenorfina

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11
Q

Antagonistas de opiodes

A

Naloxona, naltrexona y metilnaltrxona

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12
Q

Opioides endogenos

A

Encefalinas, endorfinas y dinorfinas

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13
Q

Mecanismo molecular de receptores de opioides u, k y d (GPCR)

A

Gi –> disminuye adenilato ciclasa –> disminuye cAMP –> disminuye PKA –> no hay fosforilación –> disminuye excitabilidad neuronal

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14
Q

Mecanismo de acción de receptor presinaptico

A

Cierra canales de Ca –> inhibe liberación de neurotransmisores que trasnmiten dolor glutamato, noradrenalina, NO, sustancias P, acetilcolina y serotonina

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15
Q

Mecanismo de acción de receptor postsinaptico

A

Abren canales de K –> hiperpolariazción –> dificultad de excitación neuronal –> no pasan las señales nociceptivas

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16
Q

Primer escalon de analgesia

A

AINES, paracetamol y metamizol

17
Q

Segundo escalon de analgesia

A

Codeina y tramadol + primer escalon

18
Q

Tercer escalon de analgesia

A

Morfina, fentanilo, oxicodeina, metadona y buprenorfina + priemra y segundo escalon

19
Q

Caracteristicas de intoxicación

A

Euforia, depresión SNC, miosis, depresión respiratorio, edema pulmonar, convulsiones y estreñimiento

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