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MTAP > MTAP CC > Flashcards

MTAP CC Flashcards

1
Q

Used to separate different substances of different mass or density.

A

centrifuge

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2
Q

RPM of the centrifuge is calibrated using _____.

A

tachometer

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3
Q

RPM

A

revolution per minute

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4
Q

RCF

A

relative centrifugal force

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5
Q

What type of centrifuge is a swinging bucket type, the centrifuge tubes are held in a vertical position when not moving but are horizontal when the centrifuge is fully in motion.

A

horizontal head centrifuge

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6
Q

What type of centrifuge has a fixed _______ angle at which the tubes are held during centrifugation. (2 answers)

A

Angle head centrifuge, 25 - 52 degree angle

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7
Q

What type of centrifuge generates the highest speed; centrifuge head is held at a fixed angle but generates tight sediment buttons due to the high speed generates.

A

ultracentrifuge

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8
Q

Pipet according to design: Holds a particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume.

A

To contain

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9
Q

Pipet according to design: Will dispense the exact volume indicated.

A

To deliver

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10
Q

Pipet according to drainage characteristics: Last drop of the liquid should be expelled into the receiving vessel.

A

Blow out

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11
Q

Pipet according to drainage characteristics: Allow the contents of the pipet to drain by gravity.

A

Self draining

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12
Q

What is the principle of automatic pipette?

A

air displacement

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13
Q

Mohr pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

a. measuring or graduated pipette

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14
Q

Serological pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

a. measuring or graduated pipette

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15
Q

Micropipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

a. measuring or graduated pipette

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16
Q

Ostwald folin pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

b. transfer pipette

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17
Q

Volumetric pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

b. transfer pipette

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18
Q

It is a pipette that does not have graduations to the tip. It is a self draining pipette but the tip should not be allowed to touch the vessel while the pipet is draining.

A

Mohr pipette

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19
Q

it is a pipette that has graduation marks to the tip and is generally a blow out pipette.

A

Serological pipette

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20
Q

It is a pipette with a total holding volume of less than 1 mL.

A

Micropipette

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21
Q

It is a pipette that has a bulb-like enlargement of the pipet stem.

A

Ostwald folin pipette

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22
Q

It is a pipette that is designed to dispense or transfer aqueous solution and is always self draining.

A

Volumetric pipette

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23
Q

What are the 2 pipettes that are self draining.

A

Mohr pipette

Volumetric pipette

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24
Q

Presoaking glassware in _____ is recommended.

a. water
b. HCL
c. soapy water

A

c. soapy water

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25
Q

Cleaning solution

A

Potassium dichromate in H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) or HNO5 (Hydroperoxy nitrate)

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26
Q

What type of water is used for final rinse of glassware:

A

Type I or Type II water

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27
Q

Glasswares are sterilized using (1)_____ at (2)_____ for (3)____. (3 answers)

  1. temperature
  2. time
A

dry oven, 160 - 180 C, 1 1/2 hour

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28
Q

it is a form of electromagnetic energy that travels in waves.

A

Light

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29
Q

Refers to the distance between the peaks of a light wave.

A

Wavelength

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30
Q

Wavelength is ______ to the amount of energy.

a. directly proportional
b. inversely proportional

A

inversely proportional

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31
Q

Absorbance ______ to the concentration but _______ to transmittance.

a. directly proportional
b. inversely proportional

A

a. directly proportional, b. inversely proportional

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32
Q

Calculation in spectrophotometric assay:

What is the concentration of a glucose sample that has an absorbance of 0.25, if a 100 mg/dL glucose standard has an absorbance of 0.50?

A

50 mg/dL

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33
Q

Spectrophotometer: It holds the sample solution.

A

Sample cuvette

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34
Q

It converts the transmitted radiant energy into an equivalent amount of electrical energy.

A

Detector

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35
Q

Measures the magnitude of the current generated by the detector.

A

Readout system

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36
Q

Conversion: Convert 3.5 grams into mg.

A

3, 500 mg

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37
Q

Convert 444 mm into meters.

A

0.444 m

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38
Q

Determine the molarity given the ff data:

Mass of NaOH: 120 g
MW of NaOH: 40
Volume of solution: 750 mL

A

4 M

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39
Q

What is the equivalent molarity of 0.5 N solution H2SO4?

40
Q

How much 25% alcohol is needed to prepare 2 liters of 50% alcohol?

41
Q

What is the dilution if 4 mL of sample is mixed with 16 mL diluent?

42
Q

What is the dilution in tube number 5, if the undiluted sample from tube number 1 is subjected into a two-fold dilution?

43
Q

_________ is a complete system of creating and following procedures and policies to aim for providing the most reliable patient laboratory results and to minimize errors in the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases. It is now known as ________.

A

Quality assurance, quality assessments

44
Q

________ is an aspect of quality assessment that is used to assess the analytical phase of patient testing.

A

Quality control

45
Q

________ is the process by which an agency or organization evaluates and recognizes a program of study or an institution as meeting certain predetermined qualifications or standards; applies only to institutions and programs.

A

Accreditation

46
Q

The nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the true value or target value.

47
Q

The nearness or closeness of the assayed value to a repeated value.

48
Q

Closeness of agreement between results of successive instruments carried out under the same condition.

A

Repeatability

49
Q

Closeness of agreement between results of measurements performed under changed conditions of measurement.

A

Reproducibility

50
Q

Refers to the ability of the analytical method to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time.

A

Reliability

51
Q

The degree to which a method is easily repeated.

A

Practicability

52
Q

Error that occurs predictably once a pattern of recognition is established; predictable errors of the same sign and magnitude.

A

Systematic errors

53
Q

Error that occurs unpredictably; affects precision and is the basis for varying differences between repeated measurements.

A

Random errors

54
Q

Checking the current results of a patient with his or her previous results.

A

Delta check

55
Q

Whats is the critical value of glucose?

A

<40 mg/dL

>500 mg/dL

56
Q

What is the conversion factor of bilirubin?

57
Q

What is the conversion factor of BUN?

58
Q

What is the conversion factor of Thyroxine?

59
Q

What is the conversion factor of Triglyceride?

60
Q

What is the conversion factor of Uric acid?

61
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Galactose
fructose

62
Q

Disaccharide

A

Maltose
Lactose
sucrose

63
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose
Chitin

64
Q

Simplest carbohydrate.

A

Glycol aldehyde

65
Q

Most common non-reducing sugar.

66
Q

What are the reducing sugars? (5)

A

Glucose, galactose, fructose, maltose, lactose

67
Q

Metabolism of glucose to lactate or pyruvate; for production of energy.

A

Glycolysis

68
Q

Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate source.

A

Gluconeogenesis

69
Q

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy.

A

Glycogenolysis

70
Q

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage.

A

Glycogenesis

71
Q

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids.

A

Lipogenesis

72
Q

Decomposition of fat.

73
Q

Coagulant used for glucose analysis.

A

Lithium heparin (green)

74
Q

Standard clinical specimen for glucose analysis.

A

Fasting venous plasma

75
Q

Fasting blood sugar should be obtained after ______ of fasting.

A

8 - 10 hours

76
Q

Lipid profile fasting hours:

A

12 - 14 hours

77
Q

Lipid profile and glucose fasting hours:

A

10 - 12 hours

78
Q

Whole blood gives _____ glucose level than serum or plasma.

79
Q

Serum is appropriate for glucose analysis if it is separated from the cells within _______.

A

30 - 60 minutes

80
Q

Glucose is metabolized at room temperature at a rate of _______ per hour.

81
Q

At 4 degrees C, glucose decreases by approximately ______ per hour.

82
Q

____ of sodium fluoride per mL of whole blood prevents glycolysis for up to 48 hours.

  • amount of sodium fluoride
83
Q

Fluoride binds ______ which causes of inhibition of enzyme ______.

A

magnesium, enolase

84
Q

CSF glucose concentration is approximately _____ that of plasma concentrations.

85
Q

CSF glucose should be obtained _____ before spinal tap.

  • time
86
Q

Anticoagulant commonly used for glucose determination.

A

sodium fluoride

87
Q

Reference method for glucose assay; most specific test.

A

hexokinase-G6PD

88
Q

Alpha glucose is approximately ___ of total glucose, while beta glucose is ___.

89
Q

Glucose oxidase (method?) is specific to what type of glucose?

A

beta glucose

90
Q

2 samples that cause decreased glucose with the hexokinase-G6PD method.

A

Hemolyzed sample and icteric sample

91
Q

A form of lipid that possess 3 molecules of Fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol which serves as a backbone.

A

Triglyceride

92
Q

Form of lipid that serves as a part of cell membrane, as parent chain of hormones (aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones).

A

Cholesterol

93
Q

Type of cholesterol that is approximately 70% of total cholesterol of the body.

A

Cholesterol ester

94
Q

Type of cholesterol that is approximately 30% of total cholesterol of the body; “unesterified cholesterol”.

A

free cholesterol

95
Q

Form of lipid:

Structurally similar to triglyceride except that 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group is attached to the glycerol backbone.

A

Phospholipids

96
Q

Form of lipid:

Building blocks of lipids.

A

Free fatty acids

MTAP (3 decks)

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