MTAP CC Flashcards by Kimberly Perez

Q

Used to separate different substances of different mass or density.

A

centrifuge

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Q

RPM of the centrifuge is calibrated using _____.

A

tachometer

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Q

RPM

A

revolution per minute

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Q

RCF

A

relative centrifugal force

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Q

What type of centrifuge is a swinging bucket type, the centrifuge tubes are held in a vertical position when not moving but are horizontal when the centrifuge is fully in motion.

A

horizontal head centrifuge

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Q

What type of centrifuge has a fixed _______ angle at which the tubes are held during centrifugation. (2 answers)

A

Angle head centrifuge, 25 - 52 degree angle

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Q

What type of centrifuge generates the highest speed; centrifuge head is held at a fixed angle but generates tight sediment buttons due to the high speed generates.

A

ultracentrifuge

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Q

Pipet according to design: Holds a particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume.

A

To contain

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Q

Pipet according to design: Will dispense the exact volume indicated.

A

To deliver

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Q

Pipet according to drainage characteristics: Last drop of the liquid should be expelled into the receiving vessel.

A

Blow out

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Q

Pipet according to drainage characteristics: Allow the contents of the pipet to drain by gravity.

A

Self draining

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Q

What is the principle of automatic pipette?

A

air displacement

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Q

Mohr pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

a. measuring or graduated pipette

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Q

Serological pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

a. measuring or graduated pipette

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Q

Micropipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

a. measuring or graduated pipette

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Q

Ostwald folin pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

b. transfer pipette

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Q

Volumetric pipette

a. measuring or graduated pipette
b. transfer pipette

A

b. transfer pipette

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Q

It is a pipette that does not have graduations to the tip. It is a self draining pipette but the tip should not be allowed to touch the vessel while the pipet is draining.

A

Mohr pipette

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Q

it is a pipette that has graduation marks to the tip and is generally a blow out pipette.

A

Serological pipette

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Q

It is a pipette with a total holding volume of less than 1 mL.

A

Micropipette

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Q

It is a pipette that has a bulb-like enlargement of the pipet stem.

A

Ostwald folin pipette

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Q

It is a pipette that is designed to dispense or transfer aqueous solution and is always self draining.

A

Volumetric pipette

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Q

What are the 2 pipettes that are self draining.

A

Mohr pipette

Volumetric pipette

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Q

Presoaking glassware in _____ is recommended.

a. water
b. HCL
c. soapy water

A

c. soapy water

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Cleaning solution

Potassium dichromate in H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) or HNO5 (Hydroperoxy nitrate)

What type of water is used for final rinse of glassware:

Type I or Type II water

Glasswares are sterilized using (1)_____ at (2)_____ for (3)____. (3 answers) 2. temperature 3. time

dry oven, 160 - 180 C, 1 1/2 hour

it is a form of electromagnetic energy that travels in waves.

Light

Refers to the distance between the peaks of a light wave.

Wavelength

Wavelength is ______ to the amount of energy. a. directly proportional b. inversely proportional

inversely proportional

Absorbance ______ to the concentration but _______ to transmittance. a. directly proportional b. inversely proportional

a. directly proportional, b. inversely proportional

Calculation in spectrophotometric assay: What is the concentration of a glucose sample that has an absorbance of 0.25, if a 100 mg/dL glucose standard has an absorbance of 0.50?

50 mg/dL

Spectrophotometer: It holds the sample solution.

Sample cuvette

It converts the transmitted radiant energy into an equivalent amount of electrical energy.

Detector

Measures the magnitude of the current generated by the detector.

Readout system

Conversion: Convert 3.5 grams into mg.

3, 500 mg

Convert 444 mm into meters.

0.444 m

Determine the molarity given the ff data: Mass of NaOH: 120 g MW of NaOH: 40 Volume of solution: 750 mL

4 M

What is the equivalent molarity of 0.5 N solution H2SO4?

0.25 M

How much 25% alcohol is needed to prepare 2 liters of 50% alcohol?

4 L

What is the dilution if 4 mL of sample is mixed with 16 mL diluent?

1:5

What is the dilution in tube number 5, if the undiluted sample from tube number 1 is subjected into a two-fold dilution?

1:16

_________ is a complete system of creating and following procedures and policies to aim for providing the most reliable patient laboratory results and to minimize errors in the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases. It is now known as ________.

Quality assurance, quality assessments

________ is an aspect of quality assessment that is used to assess the analytical phase of patient testing.

Quality control

________ is the process by which an agency or organization evaluates and recognizes a program of study or an institution as meeting certain predetermined qualifications or standards; applies only to institutions and programs.

Accreditation

The nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the true value or target value.

Accuracy

The nearness or closeness of the assayed value to a repeated value.

Precision

Closeness of agreement between results of successive instruments carried out under the same condition.

Repeatability

Closeness of agreement between results of measurements performed under changed conditions of measurement.

Reproducibility

Refers to the ability of the analytical method to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time.

Reliability

The degree to which a method is easily repeated.

Practicability

Error that occurs predictably once a pattern of recognition is established; predictable errors of the same sign and magnitude.

Systematic errors

Error that occurs unpredictably; affects precision and is the basis for varying differences between repeated measurements.

Random errors

Checking the current results of a patient with his or her previous results.

Delta check

Whats is the critical value of glucose?

<40 mg/dL | >500 mg/dL

What is the conversion factor of bilirubin?

17.1

What is the conversion factor of BUN?

0.357

What is the conversion factor of Thyroxine?

12.9

What is the conversion factor of Triglyceride?

0.0113

What is the conversion factor of Uric acid?

0.0595

Monosaccharides

Glucose Galactose fructose

Disaccharide

Maltose Lactose sucrose

Polysaccharide

Glycogen Starch Cellulose Chitin

Simplest carbohydrate.

Glycol aldehyde

Most common non-reducing sugar.

Sucrose

What are the reducing sugars? (5)

Glucose, galactose, fructose, maltose, lactose

Metabolism of glucose to lactate or pyruvate; for production of energy.

Glycolysis

Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate source.

Gluconeogenesis

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy.

Glycogenolysis

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage.

Glycogenesis

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids.

Lipogenesis

Decomposition of fat.

Lipolysis

Coagulant used for glucose analysis.

Lithium heparin (green)

Standard clinical specimen for glucose analysis.

Fasting venous plasma

Fasting blood sugar should be obtained after ______ of fasting.

8 - 10 hours

Lipid profile fasting hours:

12 - 14 hours

Lipid profile and glucose fasting hours:

10 - 12 hours

Whole blood gives _____ glucose level than serum or plasma.

10 - 15%

Serum is appropriate for glucose analysis if it is separated from the cells within _______.

30 - 60 minutes

Glucose is metabolized at room temperature at a rate of _______ per hour.

7 mg/dL

At 4 degrees C, glucose decreases by approximately ______ per hour.

2 mg/dL

____ of sodium fluoride per mL of whole blood prevents glycolysis for up to 48 hours. * amount of sodium fluoride

2 mg

Fluoride binds ______ which causes of inhibition of enzyme ______.

magnesium, enolase

CSF glucose concentration is approximately _____ that of plasma concentrations.

60-70%

CSF glucose should be obtained _____ before spinal tap. * time

1-2 hours

Anticoagulant commonly used for glucose determination.

sodium fluoride

Reference method for glucose assay; most specific test.

hexokinase-G6PD

Alpha glucose is approximately ___ of total glucose, while beta glucose is ___.

35%, 65%.

Glucose oxidase (method?) is specific to what type of glucose?

beta glucose

2 samples that cause decreased glucose with the hexokinase-G6PD method.

Hemolyzed sample and icteric sample

A form of lipid that possess 3 molecules of Fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol which serves as a backbone.

Triglyceride

Form of lipid that serves as a part of cell membrane, as parent chain of hormones (aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones).

Cholesterol

Type of cholesterol that is approximately 70% of total cholesterol of the body.

Cholesterol ester

Type of cholesterol that is approximately 30% of total cholesterol of the body; “unesterified cholesterol”.

free cholesterol

Form of lipid: Structurally similar to triglyceride except that 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group is attached to the glycerol backbone.

Phospholipids

Form of lipid: Building blocks of lipids.

Free fatty acids