MTAP Flashcards
What is the dilution of the CSF specimen should it appear clear upon reception in the lab?
Undiluted
Indirect test for the presence of excess ammonia in the
CSF
Glutamine
Which of the following is/are the cause/s of oligoclonal bands in the csf but not in serum?
i. Multiple sclerosis
ii. Lymphoma
iii. HIV
iv. Guillain- barre syndrome
I and iv
Which of the following findings is consistent with a subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than a traumatic tap?
Xanthochromia
In peritoneal injuries, at what RBC value is indicative of blunt trauma injuries?
> 100,000/ml
Which of the following are recommended in testing for tubercular peritonitis?
Acid-fast stain and adenosine deaminase
Anticoagulant for peritoneal fluid submitted for chemistry test
Heparin
Requested when a ruptured bladder or accidental puncture of the bladder during the paracentesis is of concern
Bun and Creatinine
Recommended for differentiating exudates and transudates of hepatic origin
SAAG
Normal volume of gastric fluid
20 to 50 ml
Gastric tube inserted through the nose
Levine tube
Basal acid output of a person with pernicious anemia
0
In which condition is the highest level of serum gastrin usually seen?
Z-E syndrome
Normal appearance of gastric fluid
Pale gray slightly mucoid
Which crystal causes “pseudogout”?
Calcium pyrophosphate
What type of cell is a ragocyte?
A PMN with inclusions formed by immune
complexes
LE cell - Neutrophil containing characteristic ingested “round body”
Reiter cell - Macrophage with ingested neutrophils
Ragocyte - Neutrophil with dark cytoplasmic granules containing immune complexes
Cartilage - Large, multinucleated cells
Rice bodies - Macroscopic ally resembles polished rice, Microscopically show collagen and fibrin
Fat droplets - Refractile intracellular and extracellular globukes, Stain with Sudan dyes
All of the following may be used as diluting fluid for WBC counting in synovial fluid except:
Acetic acid
Synovial fluid clarity if there is presence of crystals
Milky
Pretreatment for very viscous synovial fluid
0.05% hyaluronidase
Which of the following semen analysis results is abnormal?
Volume 1.0 mL
Motility grading of 2.0b
Slow forward progression noticeable lateral
movement
Using a 1:20 dilution, an average of 20 sperm counted in the five RBC counting squares on both sides of the hemocytometer. What is the total sperm count in a specimen with a volume of 5mL?
100,000,000 sperm/ejaculate
In semen analysis, a viscosity grading of 0 means:
Watery
Which morphological abnormality of sperm is most often associated with varicocele?
Tapering of the head
This is a test performed primarily on a peritoneal lavage fluid
RBC count
Subtract 1 CCC for every __ RBC seen in the CSF
700
Limulus lysate test detects
Gram-negative endotoxin
Detection of which tumor marker in the peritoneal fluid indicates ovarian carcinoma
CA-125
Cultures of peritoneal fluid are incubated
Anaerobically
Given the following results, classify this peritoneal fluid:
Serum albumin: 3.2 g/dl
Serum protein: 6.0 g/dl
Fluid albumin: 1.6 g/dl
(Subtract serum albumin and fluid albumin, a difference (gradient) of 1.1 or greater suggests a transudate effusion of hepatic origin, and lower gradients are associated with exudative effusions)
Transudate
Production of serous fluid is controlled by;
a.) capillary osmotic pressure,
b.) capillary hydrostatic pressure,
c.) capillary conductivity
All of these
Debris or pieces of pigmented cartilage in the synovial fluid that resembles grounded pepper
Ochronotic shards
Confirms the type of birefringence
Polarizing microscope
A significant cell found in pericardial or pleural fluid that should be referred to cytology is a:
Mesothelioma cell
Normal synovial fluid glucose should be ___ than the blood value
< 10 mg/dl lower
An additional test performed on pleural fluid to classify the fluid as a transudate or exudate is the
Fluid to serum protein gradient
A differential observation of pleural fluid associated with tuberculosis is:
Decreased mesothelial cells
All of the following are characteristics of malignant cells except
Absence of the nucleolus
Negative or weakly positive for Sudan III staining
Pseudochylous effusion
Length of the tail
45 um
Test for spermine
Barbiero’s test
Earliest form of sperm
Spermatogonium
Semenalysis after vasectomy shall be done __ to ensure complete absence of sperm
After 2 months and continued until 2 consecutive months shows no sperm
Computer-assisted semen analysis provides objective determination of
Sperm trajectory or velocity
Produces intrinsic factor
Parietal cells
Which of the following conditions is most often
associated with normal CSF glucose and protein?
Viral meningitis
Which organism is the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates?
Group B streptococcus
Which of the following conditions is commonly
associated with an exudative effusion?
Malignancy
TRANSUDATES - due to disruption of balance in hydrostatic and oncotic pressures
1. CHF
2. Nephrotic Syndrome
3. Fluid: Serum protein ratio <0.5
4. Fluid: Serum LD ratio <0.6
EXUDATES - due to conditions directly affecting the cavities.
1. Infections
2. Malignancies
3. Fluid: Serum protein ratio >0.5
4. Fluid: Serum LD ratio >0.6
The term effusion refers to:
An increased volume of serous fluid
(between membranes (parietal and visceral))
Which of the following crystals is the cause of gout?
Uric Acid (MSU)
Synovial fluid clarity if there is presence of crystals
Milky
(turbidity is frequently associated with the presence of WBCs, however, synovial cell debris and fibrin also produce turbidity. The fluid may appear milky when crystals are
present)
Tumor marker for lung cancer and breast cancer
CYFRA 21-1
(CYtokeratin FRAgment: lung cancer and breast
cancer, urinary bladder cancer)
(CEA: colon cancer)
(CA125: ovarian/ metastatic uterine cancer)
(CA15-3: breast cancer)
How to differentiate hemothorax and hemorrhagic exudate?
Run a hematocrit on the pleural fluid
At what pH level of pleural fluid is highly indicative of esophageal rupture?
< 6.0
Single best test to differentiate chylous effusion from pseudochylous effusion
Triglycerides
Normal appearance of pleural fluid
Clear pale yellow
Color of living sperm cells on Eosin Nigrosin stain
Bluish-white/ unstained
Most common cause of male infertility?
Varicocele
Normal value of semen volume
2-5 mL
A long, thin hexagonal plate, and is linked to ingestion of large amounts of benzoic acid is closely associated to which type of crystal
Hippuric acid
Which of the following disorders frequently occurs following a bacterial infection of the skin or throat?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Which of the following conditions is associated with the greatest proteinuria?
Nephrotic syndrome
A negative blood test and an increase in urine urobilinogen is correlated with:
extravascular hemolytic anemia
Constant production of urine with a specific gravity of 1.008 to 1.010 is likely associated with
Renal Tubular Failure
Which of the following crystals is considered nonpathological?
Ammonium Biurate
The average renal plasma flow is
600ml/min
Which of the following substances may inhibit the reaction of glucose oxidase aside from ascorbate?
Acetoacetic Acid
What is the major component of whewellite and weddellite kidney stones?
Calcium Oxalate
Which of the following tests is a specific measure of glomerular filtration?
Cystatin C
Which of the following statements regarding WBCs in urinary sediment is true?
WBC casts indicate that pyuria is of renal,
rather than lower urinary, origin
Which of the following statements about renal diseases is true?
Glomerular renal diseases are usually immune
mediated
Chronic renal failure usually presents which type of cast?
Waxy Cast
Positive result for Guthrie test
Growth of bacteria
Primary inorganic component of urine
Chloride
Which of the following reagents is used to detect urobilinogen in urine?
p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:
1.010
Many particulates, print is blurred
Cloudy
> 200 ug/min
Clinical albuminuria
Which of the following may cause black or brown pigment in urine?
Homogentisic acid
It attaches to amorphous urates when the urine is refrigerated
Uroerythrin
Which of the following best describes the tests for microalbuminuria?
testing may detect early renal involvement in
diabetes mellitus
Primary organic component of urine
Urea
If a patient fails to discard the first specimen when collecting a timed specimen the:
specimen must be recollected and is falsely
elevated
In a refractometer, in every 3 deg C above calibration temperature, one should:
none of the choices (it does not require any
temperature adjustment)?
OR
Subtract 0.001?
PS: actually di alam sagot nyan yan sabe nila eh sorisori hehe palakasan na lang ng kutob ^_^
Which of the following ketone/s is/are not being detected by the conventional reagent strip test for ketones?
B-hydroxybutyric acid
Which of the following utilizes a bacteria inhibition test as a screening test
Phenylketonuria
Orange diaper syndrome
Lesch-Nyhan disease
CTAB test is a screening for
Mucopolysaccharides
Disruption of electrical charges that produce
the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in
massive loss of proteins and lipids
Nephrotic syndrome
How much urine sediment shall be used for microscopic examination?
0.02
Sweaty feet odor of the urine
Isovaleric acidemia and glutaric acidemia
Yellow-brown/ colorless elongated prisms in the urine:
I. By-products of benzoate and toluene
II. Are soluble in H2O and ether
III. Hippuric acid and crystals
IV. Are abnormal crystals
I, II, III
Expected result of the boiling point should there be an additional 1 mole of solute in the solution?
Raised by 0.52 C
True about urothelium:
I. Syncytia is seen in catheterization
II. Centrally located nucleus
III. Derived from the linings of the lower
portion of the urethra
IV. Eccentrically located nucleus
I and II only
Which of the following statement correctly describes formalin:
I. Interferes with leukocyte esterase,
protein, and glucose.
II. Reducing agents
III. Interferes with hormonal analysis
IV. Excellent sediment preservative
II and IV
Which of the following is actively reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle?
Chloride
Reported in Rare, Few, Moderate, Many per HPF:
I. Trichomonas
II. RBCs
III. RTE
IV. Transitional E.C.
V. Normal Crystals
I, IV, V
Given the following data, compute for the creatinine clearance:
Urine creatinine= 110 mg/dL
Plasma creatinine= 1 mg/dL
Urine volume in 24 hrs= 1500mL
Patient of average body surface area.
115 mL/min
Which of the following chemical/s can be used for the exact calibration of a refractometer?
I. Glucose
II. Distilled water
III. 9% sucrose
IV. 5% NaCl
II, III, IV
Urine Urobilinogen of Bile duct obstruction
Normal
