MTAP 1 LONG TEST Flashcards
A patient presenting with polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, and a high urine specific gravity is exhibiting symptoms of what disorder?
a. Diabetes insipidus
b. Urinary tract infections
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Uremia
Diabetes mellitus
Which of the ff lipids is/are stained by Sudan III
a. Cholesterol
b. Neutral fats
c. Triglycerides
d. Both B and C
Both B and C
The final concentration of the urine is determined within the:
a. Collecting ducts
b. Loops of henle
c. Distal convoluted tubule
d. Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts
A urine specimen for routine urinalysis would be rejected by the laboratory because:
a. The specimen had been refrigerated
b. More than 50 ml was in the container
c. The specimen and its requisition did not match
d. The label was placed on the side of the container
The specimen and its requisition did not match
It is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the kidney that reacts with angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin to increase blood pressure:
a. Aldosterone
b. Renin
c. Erythropoietin
d. ADH
Renin
Water reabsorption occurs througout the nephron except in the
a. Cortical collecting tubules
b. Proximal convoluted tubules
c. Ascending limb of the loops of henle
d. Descending limb of the loops of henle
Ascending limb of the loops of henle
Which of the ff urinary tract structures is not lined with transitional epithelium?
a. Bladder
b. Nephrons
c. Renal pelvis
d. Ureters
Nephrons
The glucose renal threshold is 160-180 mg/dL. This represents the
a. Concentration of glucose in the vasa recta
b. Maximum rate of glucose reabsorption in the renal tubule
c. Plasma concentration above which glucose is excreted in the urine
d. Plasma level at the commencement of glucose reabsorption in the nephron
Plasma concentration above which glucose is excreted in the urine
The presence of bilirubin in a urine specimen produces is:
a. Yellow foam when shaken
b. White foam when shaken
c. Cloudy specimen
d. Yellow-red specimen
Yellow foam when shaken
Specimens that contain hemoglobin can be visually distinguished from those that contain RBCs because:
A. Hemoglobin produces a clear, yellow specimen
b. Hemoglobin produces a cloudy, pink specimen
c. RBCs produce a cloudy red specimen
d. RBCs produce a clear red specimen
Hemoglobin produces a clear, yellow specimen
Which of the following blood cells will not be detected by the leukocyte esterase pad because it lacks esterases?
a. Eosinophils
b. Lymphocytes
c. Monocytes
d. Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Microscopic examination of a urine sediment revealed an average of 2 to 5 white blood cells per high power field whereas the leukocyte esterase test by reagent strip was negative. Which of the ff statements best accounts for this discrepancy?
a. The urine is contaminated with vaginal fluid
b. Many white blood cells are lysed, and their esterase has been imactivated
c. Ascorbic acid is interfering with the reaction on the reagent strip
d. Amount of esterase present is below the sensitivity of the reagent strip
Amount of esterase present is below the sensitivity of the reagent strip
A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.001 would be considered
a. hyposthenuric
b. not urine
c. hypersthenuric
d. Isosthenuric
not urine
A clinical laboratory science intern makes two smears from a certain seminal fluid sample and stains one smear using pap’s stain and the other with giemsa satin. These smears can be used to assess which of the ff?
a. Sperm morphology
b. Sperm motility
c. Sperm count
d. Sperm viability
Sperm morphology
Which of the ff diseases is associated with the disruption of electrical charges that produce the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of protein and lipids?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Nephrotic syndrome
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Acute interstitial nephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
What are glitter cells?
a. wbc in hypotonic urine
b. rbc in hypotonic urine
c. wbc in hypertonic urine
d. rbc in hypertonic urine
wbc in hypotonic urine
Which of the ff statements correctly describe osmotic diarrhea?
a. Decreased secretion of water and electrolytes in large intestine caused by bacterial enterotoxin
b. Decreased retention of water and solutes in large intestine associated with malanbsorption and maldigestion
c. Increased secretion of water and electrolytes in large intestine caused by bacterial enterotoxin
d. Increased retention of water and solutes in large intestine associated with malabsorption and maldigestion
Increased retention of water and solutes in large intestine associated with malabsorption and maldigestion
A 42-year old man experiences respiratory difficulty followed by the appearance of blood-streaked sputum, a chest radiograph shows pulmonary infiltration and sputum culture is negative for pathogend. Symptoms of extreme fatigue and red urine is present. Blood test results indicate anemia, increased BUN and creatinine and the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Which of the ff is the possible condition of the patient?
a. Wegener’s syndrome
b. Alport’s syndrome
c. Fanconi’s syndrome
d. Goodpasture syndrome
Goodpasture syndrome
Which of the ff urinary parameters are measured during the course of concentration and dilution test to assess renal tubular function?
a. Urea, nitrogen and creatinine
b. Osmolality and specific gravity
c. Sodium and chloride
d. Sodium and osmolality
Osmolality and specific gravity
Ammonium sulfate was added to a red urine that had a positive reaction for blood but no RBCs were seen on microscopic examination. After centrifugation, the supernatant fluid is red. Which of the ff causes the abnormal urine color?
a. Pyridium
b. Hemoglobin
c. Porphyrins
d. Myoglobin
Myoglobin
The microscopic of a clear red urine is reported as many wbcs amd epithelial cells. What does this suggest?
a. Urinary tract infectiom\n
b. Dilute random specimen
c. Hematuria
d. Possible mix-up of specimen and sediment
Possible mix-up of specimen and sediment
What shape of crystals can be found in urine sample following ingestion of ethylene glycol or antifreeze?
a. flat with notched corner
b. oval or dumbbell
c. coffin-lid
d. rosettes or rhomboid
oval or dumbbell
Which statement regarding urine ph is true?
a. High protein diets promote an alkaline urine ph
b. pH tends to decrease as urine is stored
c. Contamination should be suspected if urine pH is less than 4.5
d. Bacteriuria is most often associated with a low urine pH
Contamination should be suspected if urine pH is less than 4.5
The normal daily urine output for an adult is approximately:
a. 0.2-0.5 L
b. 0.6 - 1.6 L
c. 2.7 - 3.0 L
d. 3.2-3.5 L
0.6 - 1.6 L
The principle of the protein error of indicators reaction is that:
a. Protein keeps the pH of the urine constant
b. Albumin accepts hydrogen ions from the indicator
c. The indicator accepts hydrogen ions from albumin
d. Albumin changes the pH of the urine
Albumin accepts hydrogen ions from the indicator
A clinically significant squamous epithelial cells is the:
a. Cuboidal cell
b. Clue cell
c. Caudate cell
d. Columnar cell
Clue cell
Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the ff except:
a. Bilirubin
b. Leucine
c. Cysteine
d. Tyrosine
Cysteine
Differentiation among RBCs, yeast, and oil droplets may be accomplished by all of the ff except:
a. Observation of budding in yeast cells
b. Increased refractility of oil droplets
c. Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid
d. Lysis of RBCs by acetic
Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid
A finding of dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:
a. Glomerular bleeding
b. Renal calculi
c. Traumatic injury
d. Coagulation disorders
Glomerular bleeding
Leukocytes that stain pale blue with Sternheimer-Malbin stain and exhibit brownian movement are:
a. Indicative of pyelonephritis
b. Basophils
c. Mononuclear leukocytes
d. Glitter cells
Glitter cells
The largest cells in the urine sediment are:
a. Squamous epithelial cells
b. Urothelial epithelial cells
c. Cuboidal epithelial cells
d. Columnar epithelial cells
Squamous epithelial cells
The finding of yeast cells in the urine is commonly associated with;
a. Cystitis
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Pyelonephritis
d. Liver disorders
Diabetes mellitus
The normal yellow color of urine is produced by:
a. Bilirubin
b. Hemoglobin
c. Urobilinogen
d. Urochrome
Urochrome
The normal yellow color of urine is produced by:
a. Bilirubin
b. Hemoglobin
c. Urobilinogen
d. Urochrome
Urochrome
A urine specimen containing melanin will appear:
a. Pale pink
b. Dark yellow
c. Blue-green
d. Black
Black
In the reagent strip specific gravity, the polyelectrolyte:
a. Combines with hydrogen ions in response to ion concentration
b. Releases hydrogen ions in response to ion concentration
c. Releases hydrogen ions in response to ph
d. Combines with sodium ions in response to pH
Releases hydrogen ions in response to ion concentration
