MT2 - conversation theory

Question 1

discourse

Answer 1

actual speech, the use of language

Question 2

elements of discourse (3)

Answer 2

1) intonation/body/face
2) colloquial/idioms/abbreviations
3) stylistic features, politeness/convo

Question 3

Emile Benveniste

Answer 3

language takes its meaning from instance of discourse

pronouns: I is completely different from you/he

Question 4

deictic expressions

Answer 4

point to an object, are meaningless without context

Question 5

Roman Jakobson

Answer 5

DIAGRAM

Question 6

referential function

Answer 6

aspect of message oriented towards something in context/world
ex. the sky is blue

Question 7

emotive function

Answer 7

aspect of message oriented towards the feelings/attitudes of the addresser
ex. i’m bored, ouch!

Question 8

conative function

Answer 8

aspect of message oriented towards the addressee, whom it seeks to influence
ex. stand over there! you shouldn’t do that.

Question 9

poetic function

Answer 9

aspect of message oriented towards the language of the message itself, the literary element of discourse

Question 10

metalingual function

Answer 10

aspect of message concerned with underlying structure/code of language itself
ex. that isn’t polite, XYZ is ungrammatical

Question 11

summons-answer sequence

Answer 11

one routine used to initiate conversation

Question 12

points about the summons (2)

Answer 12

can be physical/term of address/courtesy phrase

can be repeated

Question 13

points about the answer (3)

Answer 13

is required for conversation to continue
is time bound
establishes willingness to continue (contrast sulk/cold s)

Question 14

points about the S-A sequence (2)

Answer 14

requires continuation

cannot be repeated

Question 15

turn-taking

Answer 15

system established in conversation where one speaker speaks at a time

Question 16

turn-taking involves (3)

Answer 16

1) ways of making transfer
2) rules for determining who may speak next at transfer
3) rules for dealing with gaps

Question 17

types of gaps

Answer 17

natural but substantial = lapse

if next speaker has been selected = pause

Question 18

how is politeness established

Answer 18

syntax, terms like “please”, and terms of address

Question 19

terms of address

Answer 19

Mr/Ms/Aunt/Dr/Name/Surname/Nickname

bare title, respect term, stranger generic, general, insult, endearment

Question 20

J. L. Austin

Answer 20

speech acts

Question 21

speech acts

Answer 21

an utterance considered as an action, particularly with regard to its intention, purpose, or effect. have both meaning and force

Question 22

performative utterances

Answer 22

saying them is not reporting on some inward state, rather the act of speaking it is the act of doing it

Question 23

points about performative utterances (2)

Answer 23

not T/F, rather they succeed/fail

can add “hereby” to it

Question 24

illocutionary force (defn, example, characteristic, summary)

Answer 24

the force your words have, depends on what you say
ex. promising, warning
often explicit
IN saying X, I’m doing Y

Question 25

perlocutionary force (defn, example, characteritic, summary)

Answer 25

the achievement of certain effects by saying something
ex. flirting
implicit, hence can’t say in first person (ex. I’m flirting)
BY saying X, I’m doing Y

Question 26

phatic function

Answer 26

aspect of message oriented towards the bond/link between addresser and addressee
ex. Hi, how are you?