MT1 - morphology

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

the study of morphemes

Question 2

morpheme

Answer 2

the smallest meaningful units in a language that cannot be analysed further

Question 3

types of morphemes

Answer 3

free/bound (affixes), lexical (have semantic weight) / grammatical (create or alter grammatical relations between other units)

Question 4

bound grammatical morphemes can be…

Answer 4

derivational affixes (used to create new words or change class), inflectional affixes (attach grammatical info to words)

Question 5

ways to create new words (3)

Answer 5

compounding (free + free), derivations (free or derivation + bounded), clipping/acronym

Question 6

compounding

Answer 6

first receives stress, second is “head” and determines word class

Question 7

noun-compounds

Answer 7

wheelchair, blueberry, flipchart

Question 8

verb-compounds

Answer 8

sleepwalk, manhandle, dryclean

Question 9

adj-compounds

Answer 9

colourblind, clear-sighted, stinking rich

Question 10

analysable

Answer 10

compounds whose component morphemes are easy to see

Question 11

opposite of analysable + example

Answer 11

darkened compounds (ex. cranberry)

Question 12

create derivational affixes through

Answer 12

grammaticalization or analogy

Question 13

stem + DA ->

Answer 13

changed word class

Question 14

inflection

Answer 14

when an affix is added to a word to provide grammatical information

Question 15

point about inflections

Answer 15

fused with the stem (i.e. changes sound)

Question 16

analytic languages

Answer 16

every word is a single free morpheme (isolating)

Question 17

synthetic languages (3 types)

Answer 17

agglutinative, inflecting (fusional), polysynthetic

Question 18

agglutinative

Answer 18

each morpheme = 1 piece of info, ex. Finnish

Question 19

inflecting (fusional)

Answer 19

often fuse, each contains several pieces of information, ex. Romance languages

Question 20

polysynthetic

Answer 20

words composed of several morphemes and one stem, ex. Mohawk

Question 21

inflection in English (4 examples + 1 point)

Answer 21

nouns (-s *2), adj (-er/est), pronouns are irregular, verb agreement. lessens importance of word order

Question 22

alternatives to inflection

Answer 22

1) ablaut (vowel mutation), ex. wrote

2) suppletion (i.e. whatever), ex. go->went

Question 23

preposition

Answer 23

refers to relations between things, or between an action and its object (ex. in, to, for)

Question 24

determiners

Answer 24

precede noun phrases (ex. the/a/this/these)

Question 25

conjunctions (3)

Answer 25

coordinating (and/or/yet/but/so), subordinate (that/when/if/after/bc/although/wherever), correlative (both…and, not only … but also, neither … nor)

Question 26

degree words

Answer 26

precede adjective/adverb (very/so/to/perhaps/always)

Question 27

sources of new words (6)

Answer 27

borrowing (languages come in contact, adapt to new sound patterns), compounds (airport), clipping (burger), blending (smog), acronyms (TV letter enunciated, NASA pronounced), back-derivation (televise)

Question 28

meaning

Answer 28

concept or idea (signified) attached to the sound pattern (signifier)

Question 29

metonym

Answer 29

related to thing they represent as a part to the whole (ex. the Crown)

Question 30

metaphor

Answer 30

thing said is like the thing referred to (ex. school of life)

Question 31

generalization

Answer 31

schooling is important

Question 32

specialization

Answer 32

summer school

Question 33

word-class conversion

Answer 33

school somebody, old school

Question 34

onomasiology

Answer 34

theory of naming

Question 35

lexical field

Answer 35

a group of words used to denote a conceptional domain (ex. lexical field of animals = pig, dog, monkey, etc.)

Question 36

kinds of languages (2)

Answer 36

analytic or synthetic