MT1 - phonology Flashcards
obstruent
stops, fricatives, affricates
sonorants
nasals, liquids, glides
place of articulation
movable articulator moved towards stable one
vowel diagram labels
high = close
front back
low = open
diphthongs (definition + types)
doubled vowels that move from one articulation to another. rising or centring
rising diphthongs
move towards higher vowel (ei, ai, ci)
centring diphthongs
move towards [backwards e] (e I* Uwith horns*)
phonology
sound classification based on DISTINCTIVE FEATURES, the study of systems/patterns of speech sounds
phoneme
what counts as a single distinctive sound in the language
distinctive features
different languages make different distinctive features CONTRASTIVE
allophone
the versions of a phoneme allowed by a language
free variation
allophones of a phoneme are randomly distributed
complementary distribution
vary according to a scheme/rule
Canadian raising
first vowel is raised to a mid vowel when it precedes a voiceless obstruent
syllable
combo of phonemes, centred on vowel sounds, liquids, or nasals
syllable diagram
DIAGRAM (syllable, onset, rime, nucleus, coda)
sonority increasing decreasing
phonological processes (5)
elision, epenthesis, assimilation, palatalization, vowel reduction
elision (deletion)
the - of a phoneme, ex. dunno
epenthesis
the + of a phoneme, ex. warm(p)th
assimilation
the tendency of a phoneme to acquire a feature of its neighbours, ex. cats dogs
palatalization
consonants followed by the glide /j/ are palatalized, ex. didja
vowel reduction
unstressed vowels reduced to a [mirrored e]
phonological rules (formula)
A -> B / X __ Y
Grimm’s law (PIE)
SEE DIAGRAM
