MT1 Important Terms Flashcards
Kinetics
Branch of chemistry concerned with measuring and studying reaction rates
Thermodynamics
Branch of science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy
Kinetic Control
Rate, irreversible conditions
Thermodynamic controls
A reaction in which the product ratio is determined by the relative stability of the products
Equilibrium (EQ)
Condition in the course of a reversible reaction in which no net change in the amount of reactants and products occurs
Gibbs free energy
Thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the max amount of work that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure
Enthalpy
Total heat content of a system
Entropy
Degree of disorder or randomness in the system
Endothermic
Heat ABSORBED by a system
Exothermic
Heat RELEASED by a system
Reaction Coordinate Diagram
Describes reaction progress with energy over time
Rate determining step (RDS) AKA slow step
Step with the largest activation energy (Ea) or energy barrier to overcome
Steric Hindrance
Slowly or preventing reactivity due to bulky groups that occupy the same space
Constitutional Isomer
Same molecular formula with different atomic connectivity and physical properties
Mechanism
Step-by-step sequence in which a chemical transformation occurs; shown with curved arrows and detailed reaction intermediates
Stereoisomer
Same atomic connectivity but different spatial orientation
Transition state
Peak on an energy coordinate diagram that represents bonds forming and breaking simultaneously to create the next reaction intermediate
Electronegativity
Ability of an atom to accept or attract electron density
Induction
Creation of partial charges in bonds due to electron rich or electron poor atoms and/or stabilization of partial charges through sigma bonds and electron density
Nucleophile
Electron pair donor or Lewis base
Functional Group
Characteristic group of atoms/bonds that show a predictable chemical behavior
Polarizability
Ability of an atom to distribute its electron density unevenly as a result of external influences
Electrophile
Electron acceptor or Lewis Acid
