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MT Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of cases of renal failure in the US can be attributed to diabetes?

A

56%

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2
Q

38 YO female patient presents with a history of photosensitivity, oral ulcers, poly arthritis, anemia, pleuritis, and malar butterfly rash these symptoms are most descriptive of?

A

SLE

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3
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome is seen primarily in?

A

children

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4
Q

causes of acute renal failure include?

A
  • dehydration
  • reduced cardiac output
  • vascular collapse
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5
Q

which of the following is not a characteristic of Wilm’s tumor?

A

95% of cases are bilateral

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6
Q

t or f: females are more likely than men to suffer from struvite (MAP) calculi?

A

true

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7
Q

t or f : as mentioned in class, some health experts (such as Dr Mercola) feel that it is extremely important and beneficial to monitor patient insulin levels and keep blood insulin levels as low as possible.

A

true

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8
Q

acute glomerulonephritis will typically exhibit all of the following:

A

gross hematuria
proteinuria
hypertension

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9
Q

t or f: SLE can eventually lead to kidney damage?

A

true

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10
Q

the glomerular filtration rate of the kidney is _______

A

175-180 LITERS/day

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11
Q

t or f: the kidneys typically move 3 cm vertically during deep breathing.

A

true

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12
Q

t or f: metabolic oxalate is produced and found in much greater quantities in the human body than oxalate from dietary sources?

A

true

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13
Q

fasting blood sugar must be above ____ mg/dl on at leaset two different days to be diagnosed as a diabetic.

A

126

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14
Q

a 35 y/o female presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, tachycardia, constant ache in the loin area, and symptoms of cystitis- frequency, nocturia, urgency, dysuria. her UA indicates leukocytosis. ESR is elevated, heavy pyuria present, bacturiuria, and mild proteinuria. the most likely condition present based on this brief synopsis would be:

A

pyelonephritis

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15
Q

which of the following organs are directly involved in the rennin-angiotensin pathway?

A

liver
kidneys
lungs

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16
Q

insulin that is typically prescribed for diabetic patients in the US is actually derived from

A

two of the above

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17
Q

t or f: the right kidney, crowded by the liver, is a bit lower than the left kindey.

A

true

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18
Q

the kidneys are usually much enlarged; their surfaces studded with cysts. pain is found over one or both kidneys. this description best describes:

A

adult polycystic kidney disease

19
Q

a patient presents with an abrupt, acute onset of pain in the kidney area. the patient was awakened during the night due to the extremely severe pain. hematuria and crystalluria are present. based on this brief information only, what is the most likely condition present?

A

urinary calculi

20
Q

the anatomic position of the kidneys is at the level of the _____ vertebral area.

A

T12-L3

21
Q

what types of crystals comprise 63% of all urinary calculi?

A

calcium oxalate

22
Q

a 3 y/o presents with a mass in the abdoment discovered by a family member. the patient experiences abdominal pain, distention, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, hematuria and hypertension. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Wilm’s tumor

23
Q

a 20 y/o non obese patient presents with sudden onset of glucosuria, low serum levels of insulin, polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss, and frequent UTI. these characteristics best describe:

A

type 1 diabetes (IDDM)

24
Q 
the following arterial route occurs after the renal artery enters the kidney at the renal hilus: (select the correct order) 
1=interlobular
2=arcuate
3-segmental arteries
4=interlobar
A 
3,4,2,1
segmental arteries
interlobar
arcuate
interlobular
25
Q

t or f: diabetes insipidus is the result of a deficiency of ADH

A

true

26
Q

basement membrane damage, hypoalbuminemia, extreme proteinuria,and hypercholesterolemia are most indicative of:

A

nephrotic syndrome

27
Q

t or f: the left renal artery is shorter than the right renal artery.

A

true

28
Q

59 y/o male with history of cigs presents with blood in the urine, abnormal urine color, flank pain, weight loss, emaciated appearance, swelling of the abdomen, and palpation indicates kidney enlargement. the most likely diagnosis for this patient would be:

A

renal cell carcinoma

29
Q

t or f: renal calculi are more likely to be seen on xray than gallstones?

A

true

30
Q

regurgitations of urine from the bladder into the ureter and usually the kidney is known as:

A

vesicoureteral reflux

31
Q

diabetes mellitus type 2 is due to:

A

decreased target cell sensitivity to insulin

32
Q

which of the following conditions typically has the poorest prognosis?

A

renal cell carcinoma

33
Q

an inflammatory connective tissue disorder of unkonw etiology, with 90% of those stricken being female, best describes?

A

SLE

34
Q

t or f: urinary catheters are designed with a special compartmant that inflates withing the urinary bladder to keep the cateter from sliding out the uretra?

A

true

35
Q

a 22 month old child presents with fever, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, weight loss, anemia, bone pain and periorbital ecchymosis. this is a very rare condition and would most likely be?

A

neuroblastoma

36
Q

RBC casts in teh urine are usually considered to be a pathognomonic indicator of?

A

glomerulonephritis

37
Q

the kidneys normally utilize____% of the cardiac output?

A

25%

38
Q

t or f: e. coli is the predominant pathogen involved with pyelonephritis

A

true

39
Q

t or f: high dietary sodium intake can cause an increase in urinary calcium excretion.

A

true

40
Q

eclampsia includeds all of hte following except:

A

proteinuria

41
Q

t or f: kidney stones are usually found in combination with a noncrystalline matrix material, the function of which is unknown

A

treu

42
Q

which of the following is not characteristic of type 2 diabetes?

A

sudden onset

43
Q

t or f: one of the most common lab indications of renal failure is the increase in BUN levels

A

true

44
Q

which of the following syndromes are found presominantly in children?

A

wilm’s tumor

GU (3 decks)

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