MT Flashcards
what percentage of cases of renal failure in the US can be attributed to diabetes?
56%
38 YO female patient presents with a history of photosensitivity, oral ulcers, poly arthritis, anemia, pleuritis, and malar butterfly rash these symptoms are most descriptive of?
SLE
hemolytic uremic syndrome is seen primarily in?
children
causes of acute renal failure include?
- dehydration
- reduced cardiac output
- vascular collapse
which of the following is not a characteristic of Wilm’s tumor?
95% of cases are bilateral
t or f: females are more likely than men to suffer from struvite (MAP) calculi?
true
t or f : as mentioned in class, some health experts (such as Dr Mercola) feel that it is extremely important and beneficial to monitor patient insulin levels and keep blood insulin levels as low as possible.
true
acute glomerulonephritis will typically exhibit all of the following:
gross hematuria
proteinuria
hypertension
t or f: SLE can eventually lead to kidney damage?
true
the glomerular filtration rate of the kidney is _______
175-180 LITERS/day
t or f: the kidneys typically move 3 cm vertically during deep breathing.
true
t or f: metabolic oxalate is produced and found in much greater quantities in the human body than oxalate from dietary sources?
true
fasting blood sugar must be above ____ mg/dl on at leaset two different days to be diagnosed as a diabetic.
126
a 35 y/o female presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, tachycardia, constant ache in the loin area, and symptoms of cystitis- frequency, nocturia, urgency, dysuria. her UA indicates leukocytosis. ESR is elevated, heavy pyuria present, bacturiuria, and mild proteinuria. the most likely condition present based on this brief synopsis would be:
pyelonephritis
which of the following organs are directly involved in the rennin-angiotensin pathway?
liver
kidneys
lungs
insulin that is typically prescribed for diabetic patients in the US is actually derived from
two of the above
t or f: the right kidney, crowded by the liver, is a bit lower than the left kindey.
true
the kidneys are usually much enlarged; their surfaces studded with cysts. pain is found over one or both kidneys. this description best describes:
adult polycystic kidney disease
a patient presents with an abrupt, acute onset of pain in the kidney area. the patient was awakened during the night due to the extremely severe pain. hematuria and crystalluria are present. based on this brief information only, what is the most likely condition present?
urinary calculi
the anatomic position of the kidneys is at the level of the _____ vertebral area.
T12-L3
what types of crystals comprise 63% of all urinary calculi?
calcium oxalate
a 3 y/o presents with a mass in the abdoment discovered by a family member. the patient experiences abdominal pain, distention, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, hematuria and hypertension. what is the most likely diagnosis?
Wilm’s tumor
a 20 y/o non obese patient presents with sudden onset of glucosuria, low serum levels of insulin, polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss, and frequent UTI. these characteristics best describe:
type 1 diabetes (IDDM)
the following arterial route occurs after the renal artery enters the kidney at the renal hilus: (select the correct order) 1=interlobular 2=arcuate 3-segmental arteries 4=interlobar
3,4,2,1 segmental arteries interlobar arcuate interlobular
t or f: diabetes insipidus is the result of a deficiency of ADH
true
basement membrane damage, hypoalbuminemia, extreme proteinuria,and hypercholesterolemia are most indicative of:
nephrotic syndrome
t or f: the left renal artery is shorter than the right renal artery.
true
59 y/o male with history of cigs presents with blood in the urine, abnormal urine color, flank pain, weight loss, emaciated appearance, swelling of the abdomen, and palpation indicates kidney enlargement. the most likely diagnosis for this patient would be:
renal cell carcinoma
t or f: renal calculi are more likely to be seen on xray than gallstones?
true
regurgitations of urine from the bladder into the ureter and usually the kidney is known as:
vesicoureteral reflux
diabetes mellitus type 2 is due to:
decreased target cell sensitivity to insulin
which of the following conditions typically has the poorest prognosis?
renal cell carcinoma
an inflammatory connective tissue disorder of unkonw etiology, with 90% of those stricken being female, best describes?
SLE
t or f: urinary catheters are designed with a special compartmant that inflates withing the urinary bladder to keep the cateter from sliding out the uretra?
true
a 22 month old child presents with fever, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, weight loss, anemia, bone pain and periorbital ecchymosis. this is a very rare condition and would most likely be?
neuroblastoma
RBC casts in teh urine are usually considered to be a pathognomonic indicator of?
glomerulonephritis
the kidneys normally utilize____% of the cardiac output?
25%
t or f: e. coli is the predominant pathogen involved with pyelonephritis
true
t or f: high dietary sodium intake can cause an increase in urinary calcium excretion.
true
eclampsia includeds all of hte following except:
proteinuria
t or f: kidney stones are usually found in combination with a noncrystalline matrix material, the function of which is unknown
treu
which of the following is not characteristic of type 2 diabetes?
sudden onset
t or f: one of the most common lab indications of renal failure is the increase in BUN levels
true
which of the following syndromes are found presominantly in children?
wilm’s tumor
