2

Question 1

high levels of free psa are most likely the result of:

Answer 1

BPH

Question 2

PSA concentrations found in normal adult males below the age of 45

Answer 2

0-4

Question 3

a 75 year old male patient presents with complain of severe LBP, multiple urinary problesms, significant unexplained weight loss, pallor and malaise. his PSA is 25 ng/ml. Prostate is enlarged. what is the most likely diagnosis based on these criteria?

Answer 3

Prostate cancer

Question 4

DRE palpatory findings in a patient are as follows: asymmetrical, stony hard irregular nodule, 1cm protrusion inot the rectum, median sulcus is obliterated. tehse findings would be most indicative of:

Answer 4

prostate cancer

Question 5

the serum PSA level divided by the prostate volume is:

Answer 5

a definition of PSA density

a better differentiator of prostate problems when combined with serum PSA

Question 6

which of the following is TRUE about cryptorchid patients in general?

Answer 6

testis is arrested in normal path of descent

Question 7

for testosterone to act on the prostate (to cause enlargement), it must first be converted to:

Answer 7

DHT

dihydrotestotsterone

Question 8

a 14 y/o male patient presents with a suddenly developed severe pain in one testicle, followed by swelling of hte entire testicle and scrotal reddening. patient also has lower abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting. the patient has a history of unilateral cyrptorchidism and recent trauma to the groin. there is no fever. what is the most likely clinical consideration for this patient?

Answer 8

testicular torsion

Question 9

which of the following is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

Answer 9

cryptorchidism

Question 10

accounts for 1% of all male cancers; the most common cancer in males aged 15-34; often asymptomatic in early stages best describes:

Answer 10

testicular cancer

Question 11

lab tests most pertinent to a suspected case of prostate cancer would include:

Answer 11

acid and alkaline phosphatase

Question 12

the most comon presenting complaint in a 28 year old male is a painless unilateral swelling or nodule in the testis, usually as an incidental finding by the patient or his sexual partner. Scrotal or lower abdominal pain (dull ache, heaviness) occurs in about one third of these patients. patient also has an abdominal mass and extensive lymphadenopathy. there is no history of trauma. patient has a history of unilateral cryptorchidism. this is a profile typical of ______.

Answer 12

testicular cancer

Question 13

the thin layer of connective tissue that separates the prostate from the rectum is known as:

Answer 13

denonvillier’s fascia

Question 14

a 51 y/o man presents with a history of nocturia, frequency, and urgency about half the time. he states that for the last month he has had difficulty starting and maintaining his urine stream( has to push or strain) more than half the time. he always feels like his bladder is not empty after urinating. on physical exam the prostate is found to be enlarged, nontender, rubbery, and boggy. his blood PSA level is 2.7 ng/ml. the patient does not have a fever. which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the data collected so far?

Answer 14

BPH

Question 15

prostate cancer development from cancer in situ to clinical presentation (ie. abnormal PSA or DRE) is about _____ years.

Answer 15

10-12

Question 16

prostate cancer can be compared to _____ cancer, as they both are unuasually similar in respect to: lifetime risks, age at diagnosis, response to hormone therapy, new cases annually, etc.

Answer 16

breast

Question 17

DRE palpatory findings in a patient are as follows: symmetrical, boggy smooth, rubbery and median sulcus is partially obliterated. These findings would be most indicative of:

Answer 17

BPH

Question 18

PSA levels can be elevated by which of the following?

Answer 18

• prostate cancer
• prostatitis
• BPH

Question 19

if the prostate gland becomes malignant and cancer cells begin to spread, the metastasis will most likely go to the _______

Answer 19

lumbar spine

Question 20

70% of prostate cancer tissue is found in the ______ zone.

Answer 20

peripheral

Question 21

Brachytherapy is a radiotherapy treatment most commonly used for _____ cancer.

Answer 21

prostate

Question 22

a weak urine stream with decreased caliber is a classic symptom for:

Answer 22

BPH

Question 23

BPH often begins in the transition zone which surrounds the:

Answer 23

urethra

Question 24

according to autopsy studies, in men over age 90 there is a ____% incidence of prostate cancer

Answer 24

100

Question 25

a gleason grade 5 (this is not the gleason score where the 2 grades are added together) would be indicative of:

Answer 25

• most aggressive

- likely to metastasize

Question 26

dorsal curvature of the penis, sometimes associated with dupuytren’s contracture is known as ______.

Answer 26

peyronie’s disease

Question 27

T or F men can perform their own DRE prostate exam.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

prostate cancer kills about ____ men per year in the US.

Answer 28

32,000

Question 29

T or F 80% of testicular cancer patients will have systemic metastatic signs at the time of diagnosis.

Answer 29

false

Question 30

t or f in order to protect the fertility of the cryptorchid patient, their testes should be in the scrotum by age 1

Answer 30

true

Question 31

a 25 year old male patient who recently experienced groin trauma presents with a painless scrotal swelling that is small and soft on arising in the morning and becomes larger and tese as the day progresses. with transillumination, the scrotal fluid is translucent. these characteristics best describe

Answer 31

hydrocele

Question 32

a testicular cystic mass containing a thin white cloudy fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter, freely movable, transilluminates; no therapy needed unless it annoys patient would best describe:

Answer 32

spermatocele

Question 33

downward/ ventral curvature of the penis, often due to fibrosis of the ventral tissue sometieds caused by urethral infection is a description of:

Answer 33

Chordee

Question 34

a 21 year old man recently recovered from the mumps presents complaining of a swollen and sudden onset of a painful left testicle. physical examination reveals testicular tenderness, enlargement, and hardening. which of the following is the most likely diagnosis

Answer 34

orchitis

Question 35

possible tumore marker(s) for testicular cancer would be:

Answer 35

• lactate dehydrogenase
• alpha feto-protein
• human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 36

the group with the highest incidence of cryptorchidism would be:

Answer 36

premature infant boys

Question 37

the group with the highest incidence of cryptorchidism would be:

Answer 37

premature infant boys

Question 38

one characteristic of testicular cancer would be:

Answer 38

testicular dysgenesis is a risk factor

Question 39

a patient with priapism would be a patient with a complain of

Answer 39

unrelenting erection

Question 40

a 25 year old male patient presents with a history of recurrent UTI (e. Coli) fever, malaise, and dysuria. the most likely possibility based just on this data would be:

Answer 40

prostatitis

Question 41

estrogens and progestins given to mothers during pregnancy are known to invrease the incidence of

Answer 41

hypospadia

Question 42

the foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis and cannot be pulled back to its normal flaccid position covering the glans penis. this is known as

Answer 42

paraphimosis

Question 43

a 30 year old sexually overactive male patient presents with fever, rapid progressive onset of scrotal pain and urethral discharge. Only the superios portion of the testes is tender, enlarged and idurated. the most likely condition present based on these finding would be ______.

Answer 43

epididymitis

Question 44

define hypospadia

Answer 44

birth defect where the back of the penis has the urethra open and exposed

Question 45

% things that elevate PSA levels

Answer 45

• Prostatitis
• ejaculation
• age over 50
• BPH
• Cancer
• UTI
• Vigorous exercise

Question 46

write 3 ways in which the signs and symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer may differ.

Answer 46

CANCER:

• less fluid when you ejaculate
• blood in your semen
• painful or burning urination
• blood in your urine
• trouble getting an erection
• painful ejaculation

Question 47

write 3 ways in which the signs and symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer may be similar.

Answer 47

• an urgent need to urinate
• feeling the urge to urinate many times during the day and night
• trouble starting to urinate or having to push to release urine
• weak or dribbling urine stream
• urine flow that stops and starts
• feeling like your bladder is never fully empty