2 Flashcards
high levels of free psa are most likely the result of:
BPH
PSA concentrations found in normal adult males below the age of 45
0-4
a 75 year old male patient presents with complain of severe LBP, multiple urinary problesms, significant unexplained weight loss, pallor and malaise. his PSA is 25 ng/ml. Prostate is enlarged. what is the most likely diagnosis based on these criteria?
Prostate cancer
DRE palpatory findings in a patient are as follows: asymmetrical, stony hard irregular nodule, 1cm protrusion inot the rectum, median sulcus is obliterated. tehse findings would be most indicative of:
prostate cancer
the serum PSA level divided by the prostate volume is:
a definition of PSA density
a better differentiator of prostate problems when combined with serum PSA
which of the following is TRUE about cryptorchid patients in general?
testis is arrested in normal path of descent
for testosterone to act on the prostate (to cause enlargement), it must first be converted to:
DHT
dihydrotestotsterone
a 14 y/o male patient presents with a suddenly developed severe pain in one testicle, followed by swelling of hte entire testicle and scrotal reddening. patient also has lower abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting. the patient has a history of unilateral cyrptorchidism and recent trauma to the groin. there is no fever. what is the most likely clinical consideration for this patient?
testicular torsion
which of the following is a risk factor for testicular cancer?
cryptorchidism
accounts for 1% of all male cancers; the most common cancer in males aged 15-34; often asymptomatic in early stages best describes:
testicular cancer
lab tests most pertinent to a suspected case of prostate cancer would include:
acid and alkaline phosphatase
the most comon presenting complaint in a 28 year old male is a painless unilateral swelling or nodule in the testis, usually as an incidental finding by the patient or his sexual partner. Scrotal or lower abdominal pain (dull ache, heaviness) occurs in about one third of these patients. patient also has an abdominal mass and extensive lymphadenopathy. there is no history of trauma. patient has a history of unilateral cryptorchidism. this is a profile typical of ______.
testicular cancer
the thin layer of connective tissue that separates the prostate from the rectum is known as:
denonvillier’s fascia
a 51 y/o man presents with a history of nocturia, frequency, and urgency about half the time. he states that for the last month he has had difficulty starting and maintaining his urine stream( has to push or strain) more than half the time. he always feels like his bladder is not empty after urinating. on physical exam the prostate is found to be enlarged, nontender, rubbery, and boggy. his blood PSA level is 2.7 ng/ml. the patient does not have a fever. which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the data collected so far?
BPH
prostate cancer development from cancer in situ to clinical presentation (ie. abnormal PSA or DRE) is about _____ years.
10-12
prostate cancer can be compared to _____ cancer, as they both are unuasually similar in respect to: lifetime risks, age at diagnosis, response to hormone therapy, new cases annually, etc.
breast
DRE palpatory findings in a patient are as follows: symmetrical, boggy smooth, rubbery and median sulcus is partially obliterated. These findings would be most indicative of:
BPH
PSA levels can be elevated by which of the following?
- prostate cancer
- prostatitis
- BPH
if the prostate gland becomes malignant and cancer cells begin to spread, the metastasis will most likely go to the _______
lumbar spine
70% of prostate cancer tissue is found in the ______ zone.
peripheral
Brachytherapy is a radiotherapy treatment most commonly used for _____ cancer.
prostate
a weak urine stream with decreased caliber is a classic symptom for:
BPH
BPH often begins in the transition zone which surrounds the:
urethra
according to autopsy studies, in men over age 90 there is a ____% incidence of prostate cancer
100
a gleason grade 5 (this is not the gleason score where the 2 grades are added together) would be indicative of:
- most aggressive
- likely to metastasize
dorsal curvature of the penis, sometimes associated with dupuytren’s contracture is known as ______.
peyronie’s disease
T or F men can perform their own DRE prostate exam.
true
prostate cancer kills about ____ men per year in the US.
32,000
T or F 80% of testicular cancer patients will have systemic metastatic signs at the time of diagnosis.
false
t or f in order to protect the fertility of the cryptorchid patient, their testes should be in the scrotum by age 1
true
a 25 year old male patient who recently experienced groin trauma presents with a painless scrotal swelling that is small and soft on arising in the morning and becomes larger and tese as the day progresses. with transillumination, the scrotal fluid is translucent. these characteristics best describe
hydrocele
a testicular cystic mass containing a thin white cloudy fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter, freely movable, transilluminates; no therapy needed unless it annoys patient would best describe:
spermatocele
downward/ ventral curvature of the penis, often due to fibrosis of the ventral tissue sometieds caused by urethral infection is a description of:
Chordee
a 21 year old man recently recovered from the mumps presents complaining of a swollen and sudden onset of a painful left testicle. physical examination reveals testicular tenderness, enlargement, and hardening. which of the following is the most likely diagnosis
orchitis
possible tumore marker(s) for testicular cancer would be:
- lactate dehydrogenase
- alpha feto-protein
- human chorionic gonadotropin
the group with the highest incidence of cryptorchidism would be:
premature infant boys
the group with the highest incidence of cryptorchidism would be:
premature infant boys
one characteristic of testicular cancer would be:
testicular dysgenesis is a risk factor
a patient with priapism would be a patient with a complain of
unrelenting erection
a 25 year old male patient presents with a history of recurrent UTI (e. Coli) fever, malaise, and dysuria. the most likely possibility based just on this data would be:
prostatitis
estrogens and progestins given to mothers during pregnancy are known to invrease the incidence of
hypospadia
the foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis and cannot be pulled back to its normal flaccid position covering the glans penis. this is known as
paraphimosis
a 30 year old sexually overactive male patient presents with fever, rapid progressive onset of scrotal pain and urethral discharge. Only the superios portion of the testes is tender, enlarged and idurated. the most likely condition present based on these finding would be ______.
epididymitis
define hypospadia
birth defect where the back of the penis has the urethra open and exposed
% things that elevate PSA levels
- Prostatitis
- ejaculation
- age over 50
- BPH
- Cancer
- UTI
- Vigorous exercise
write 3 ways in which the signs and symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer may differ.
CANCER:
- less fluid when you ejaculate
- blood in your semen
- painful or burning urination
- blood in your urine
- trouble getting an erection
- painful ejaculation
write 3 ways in which the signs and symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer may be similar.
- an urgent need to urinate
- feeling the urge to urinate many times during the day and night
- trouble starting to urinate or having to push to release urine
- weak or dribbling urine stream
- urine flow that stops and starts
- feeling like your bladder is never fully empty
