MT 3

Question 1

Crude oil and natural gas contain mainly…

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons.

Question 2

Hydrocarbons contain…

Answer 2

Hydrogen and Carbon only, chemically bonded together.

Question 3

How does fractional distillation separate hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

By their different boiling points.

Question 4

The relationship between hydrocarbon size and boiling point is…

Answer 4

The bigger molecule, the higher the boiling point.

Question 5

What is a fraction?

Answer 5

A small group of hydrocarbons with boiling points within a similar range.

Question 6

The list of fractions, in order of increasing boiling point is…

Answer 6

Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen (residue).

Question 7

Give a use for Refinery Gas.

Answer 7

Fuel for cooking.

Question 8

Give a use for petrol.

Answer 8

Fuel for cars with petrol engines

Question 9

Give a use for naphtha.

Answer 9

Chemicals for medicines, plastics, dyes, etc.

Question 10

Give a use for kerosene.

Answer 10

Fuel for planes/jet fuel

Question 11

Give a use for diesel.

Answer 11

Fuel for engines in trucks, trains, boats, barges and cars with diesel engines

Question 12

Give a use for fuel oil.

Answer 12

Fuel for ships. It can also be used for lubrication and heating homes

Question 13

Give a use for bitumen (residue).

Answer 13

Used to make tarmac, roofing and also waterproofing

Question 14

What’s the relation between boiling point and flammability (in terms of fractional distillation)?

Answer 14

The lower the boiling point, the higher the flammability.

Question 15

What’s the relationship between boiling point and viscosity (in terms of fractional distillation)?

Answer 15

The lower the boiling point, the less the viscosity.

Question 16

When fossil fuels burn, what can the products cause?

Answer 16

Global warming and acid rain.

Question 17

How is carbon monoxide produced?

Answer 17

Due to a lack of oxygen (incomplete combustion)

Question 18

What’s the problem with carbon monoxide?

Answer 18

It’s toxic.

Question 19

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides create what?

Answer 19

Acid rain.

Question 20

What are the effects of acid rain?

Answer 20

Acid rain kills fish in rivers, erodes buildings and destroys plant life.

Question 21

Harmful gases can be converted into less harmful gases using…

Answer 21

A catalytic converter.

Question 22

What’s the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 22

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Question 23

Why are carbohydrates important in our diet?

Answer 23

They give us energy.

Question 24

When carbohydrates burn they produce…

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) (+ energy).

Question 25

Which elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 25

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 26

What is alcohol made from?

Answer 26

Sugar.

Question 27

What is the process of making alcohol called?

Answer 27

Fermentation.

Question 28

What is the word equation for fermentation?

Answer 28

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (yeast at the top of the arrow as a catalyst).

Question 29

Why is yeast used in fermentation and why is it not in the word equation?

Answer 29

Yeast contains an enzyme which is a biological catalyst that speeds up reactions. It is neither a reactant or product

Question 30

What is distillation used for in the drinks industry?

Answer 30

Used to concentrate alcohol to increase the percentage

Question 31

True or False: Does petrol contain hydrocarbons?

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

What’s the word equation for when petrol burns?

Answer 32

petrol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (and other gases).

Question 33

When something burns in oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, what is this called?

Answer 33

Complete combustion.

Question 34

How is sulfur dioxide produced?

Answer 34

From some fossil fuels burning.

Question 35

Write the word equation for sulfur dioxide.

Answer 35

sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide.

Question 36

How is nitrogen oxide produced?

Answer 36

From the sparking of air in a petrol car engine.

Question 37

Write the word equation for nitrogen oxide.

Answer 37

nitrogen + oxygen → nitrogen oxide.

Question 38

How do sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides make acid rain.

Answer 38

They dissolve in rain clouds.

Question 39

Give three examples of carbohydrates.

Answer 39

Examples include: Sugars (ex. glucose) Starch Bread (contains carbohydrates).

Question 40

Write the word equation for respiration.

Answer 40

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water. (eating) (breathing (breathing out) (sweat/urine) air)

Question 41

What can we do to reduce pollution from burning fossil fuels (in cars)?

Answer 41

Use catalytic converters Low sulphur petrol Lean-burn engines Drive electric

Question 42

What do plants make?

Answer 42

Carbohydrates

Question 43

What type of reaction is respiration?

Answer 43

Exothermic reaction

Question 44

Why are carbohydrates important?

Answer 44

They give us energy

Question 45

What can alcohol be made from?

Answer 45

Any fruit, vegetable or plant source which has starch or sugars

Question 46

What does the type of alcoholic drink vary by?

Answer 46

The plant source of the carbohydrate