Elements, Compounds and Chemical Reactions Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is made up of atoms arranged in different ways (eg. solids, liquids and gases)
How many elements are in the Periodic Table?
118 elements.
What is an element?
An element is a substance made from one type of atom (eg. a lump of gold is made entirely up of gold atoms). Elements make up every single substance on our planet, be it a solid, liquid or gas.
Which elements are liquid at room temperature?
Mercury (Hg) and Bromine (Br)
What is a period?
A period is a horizontal row
What is a group?
A group is a vertical column.
What are the groups called?
Group 1 - the Alkali Metals
Group 2 - the Alkaline Earth Metals
Between Groups 2 + 3 - the Transition Metals
Group 7 - the Halogens
Group 8/0 - the Noble Gases
How do you write a chemical symbol?
If it has one letter, you write the letter as a capital (eg. O - Oxygen)
If it has two letters, then the first letter is a capital, the other a lower-case (eg. Au - Gold)
Where can metals be found in the periodic table?
Left hand side
How can metals be identified?
They conduct electricity and heat, are shiny and solid at room temperature (except Hg - mercury)
What is formed when elements react and combine?
A compound
How are compounds different from elements?
They have different properties
What does it mean if a compound ends in -ide?
It contains two elements.
What does it mean if a compound ends in -ate or -ite?
It contains three elements, one of which is oxygen.
Which elements are present in sodium chlorate/ite?
Sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) and oxygen (O)
How do you name a compound with two elements?
The element farthest left in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and it’s name ends in -IDE.
How do you name a compound with three elements?
The element farthest left is in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and oxygen goes at the end as -ITE or -ATE.
Physical changes include:
Melting, evaporating, subliming, condensing, freezing.
The 4 signs of a chemical change are:
Gas produced/effervescence/fizzing, temperature change, precipitate formed, colour change.
What ALWAYS happens during a chemical change?
A new substance is made.
What best describes ‘a precipitate’?
A solid formed from reacting liquids.
What is ‘ice melting’ an example of?
A physical change.
Which of the following is NOT evidence of a chemical change?
a. water boiling
b. boiling an egg
c. iron rusting
d. magnesium reacting with oxygen to create magnesium oxide
A - water boiling.
True or False: physical changes can be easily reversed.
True.
True or False: chemical changes are difficult to reverse.
True.
Which elements are very unreactive?
The Noble Gases (Group 8/0)
What elements are highly reactive with water?
The Alkali Metals - Group 1
How are Alkali Metals stored?
They are stored under oil.
What gas is formed when an Alkali Metal reacts with water?
Hydrogen (H)
Which non-metal is able to conduct electricity?
Carbon (C) in the form of graphite
Give 3 examples of substances/objects that undergo physical changes
Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) to carbon dioxide in gas form (sublimation)
Ice (solid water) to liquid water (melting)
Water vapour to liquid water (condensation)
What are the symbols of elements in magnesium iodite?
Mg, I, O
What would the compound be if Lithium and Bromine bonded together?
Lithium bromide
What is the difference between chemical and physical changes?
In a chemical change, a new substance is formed. In a physical change, no new substance is formed.
What are examples of mixtures?
Sea water, diluting juice, coke
What elements are in calcium carbonate?
Calcium (Ca), carbon (C) and oxygen (O).
True or False: an atom is the biggest particle of matter.
False: an atom is the SMALLEST particle of matter.
How is iron rusting a chemical change?
A new substance is formed, it is irreversible and changes colour from shiny and silvery to reddish-brown.
What are the ferromagnetic metals?
Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni).
Is water an element?
No, water is made with both hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
What’s the easiest way to tell apart a metal from a non-metal?
The easiest way to tell apart metals from non-metals are their ability to conduct electricity and heat
Give three examples of compounds:
Water, table salt and aspirin.
What is a compound?
A compound is two, or more, different substances chemically bonded together.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is two, or more, different substances NOT chemically bonded together.
What’s the difference between heating and burning a chemical?
Heating doesn’t involve oxygen but burning means to react with oxygen,
