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Acute and Critical Illness > MSK Trauma > Flashcards

MSK Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the bone?

A

Support
Locomotion
Protection

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2
Q

What are the composition of bones?

A

Extracellular matrix
Osteocytes
2 types of tissue : compact and spongy

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3
Q

What are muscle cells called?

A

Myocytes (fibres)

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4
Q

What is the membrane that binds muscle called?

A

Sarcolema

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5
Q

What is the connective tissue sheath that muscle cells are enclosed in called?

A

Endomysium

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6
Q

What are tendons?

A

Tough flexible band of dense regular connective tissue – parallel collagen fibres

Attaches skeletal muscle to bone

Muscle contraction – transmits mechanical force to bone = movement

High tensile strength (longitudinal force)

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7
Q

What is the endotendon?

A

Collagen fibres – organised into fascicles ensheathed by a thin layer of dense connective tissue

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8
Q

What is a strain vs sprain?

A

Strain = stretching of muscle/tendon

Sprain = stretching of ligament attached to bone

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9
Q

What are the three grades of strains and sprains?

A

Grade 1 - mild - will heal
Grade 2 - moderate - requires support
Grade 3 - complete rupture - requires surgery

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10
Q

What is infection of the bone called?

A

Osteomyelitis

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11
Q

What is the management of fractures?

A

Control blood loss
Retraction of bone into wound
Remove any constrictive jewellery
Assess Nerves Vessels Sensation
Analgesia
Splintage

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12
Q

What should you do with open fractures?

A

Rinse with water/saline if time allows and cover

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13
Q

What are dislocations?

A

Separation of 2 bones at a joint
Can also be a fracture

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14
Q

What is the management of dislocations?

A

Nerves Vessels Sensation = priority
Splint if patient is uncomfy
Don’t relocate

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15
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Increased pressure within a closed osteofascial compartment = impaired circulation

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16
Q

What is a common site for compartment syndrome?

A

Lower leg = most common
Thigh
Buttock
Shoulder
Hand
Foot

17
Q

What are the 5 P’s of circulation assessment?

A

Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia
Paralysis

18
Q

What is Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)?

A

Presence of fat particles in the microcirculation, causing tissue damage & systematic inflammatory response causing pulmonary, neurological and retinal symptoms

19
Q

What is the management of FES?

A

Consider FES as a dx
Treat hypoxia as a priority

20
Q
A

Acute and Critical Illness (13 decks)

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