Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA2 > MSK S1 - The Skeletal System - Bones & Joints > Flashcards

MSK S1 - The Skeletal System - Bones & Joints Flashcards

0
Q

How much movement do each of the three joint types allow?

A

Synovial - most movement and most variety of movement
Cartilaginous - no/minimal movements
Fibrous - virtually no movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the three types of joint?

A

Sinovial, fibrous and cartilaginous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joint?

A

Synchondroses

Symphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe synchondroses (a type of cartilaginous joint)

A

Minimal or no movement
Covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage
Eg sternocostal joints and immobile temporary joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of growing long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of synovial joint?

A 
Hinge
Saddle
Plane
Ball and socket
Pivot
Chondyloid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe symphyses (a type of cartilaginous joint)

A

Ends of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
Held together by a disk of fibrocartilage and ligaments
Variable but usually limited movements
Eg sacro-coccygeal joint, manubriosternal joint,joints between vertebral bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?

A

The Axial and the Apendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What three things does the stability of joints depend upon?

A

The shape, size and arrangement of articular surfaces
The ligaments
The tone of muscles around the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types of fibrous joint?

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe gomphoses (a type of fibrous joint)

A

Found where the teeth articulate with the maxillae and the mandible
Fibrous connection called the periodontal ligament
Minimal movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe syndesmoses (a type of fibrous joint)

A

Bones held together by an interosseous membrane

Examples: middle tibiofibular joint and middle radio-ulnar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the main purpose of the axial skeleton?

A

To provide protection to vulnerable and vital body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main function of the Apendicular skeleton?

A

To allow motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe sutures (a type of fibrous joint)

A

Only found between bones of skull

Limited movement until 20 years of age, then become fixed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A 
Support
Shape
Protection
Body movement
Haemopoesis
Mineral storage
Lipid storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does haemopoesis take place?

A

In red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Within bones, where are minerals stored?

A

In bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the types of bone?

A 
Flat
Long
Irregular
Short (cuboidal)
Sesamoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a Tuberosity?

A

A roughened or rounded elevation of a bone where a muscle/ligament attaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

A small, rounded lump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a spine/spinous process?

A

A slender projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a trochanter?

A

A large projection of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a chondyle?

A

A large prominence or rounded surface

23
Q

What is an epichondyle

A

A smaller prominence above a chondyle

24
Q

What is a crest?

A

A ridge

25
Q

What is a facet?

A

A flattened surface for joint or muscle attachment

26
Q

What is a sinus?

A

A hollow space

27
Q

What is a meatus?

A

A tunnel or canal

28
Q

What is a foramen?

A

A hole or opening

29
Q

What are the bone groups in the hand and wrist?

A

Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

30
Q

What is a fissure?

A

A cleft/narrow slit

31
Q

What is a notch?

A

A large groove

32
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A depression

33
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

34
Q

True or false: the metacarpals and phalanges are numbered from thumb to little finger.

A

True (ie the thumb is one)

35
Q

What are the phalanges of the thumb?

A

The proximal phalanx and the distal phalanx

36
Q

What are the phalanges of the fingers named?

A

Proximal, middle and distal phalanges.

37
Q

What are the bones of the arm and shoulder?

A

Clavicle, Scapula and Humerus

38
Q

What are the bones of the forearm?

A

Radius and ulna

39
Q

What are some likely fracture sites in the upper limb?

A

Surgical neck of humerus
Humeral head
Scaphoid
Distal radius

40
Q

Where exactly does the pectoralis major originate?

A

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

49
Q

Where does the pectoralis major insert?

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

50
Q

How is pectoralis major innervated?

A

By the lateral and medial pectoral nerves; Clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

51
Q

What are the main actions of pectoralis major?

A

Adducts and medically rotates humerus
Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Flexion and extension of humerus

54
Q

Where does pectoralis minor originate?

A

Superior surface of the 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages

55
Q

What are the main actions of pectoralis minor?

A

Stabilises scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

56
Q

How is pectoralis minor innervated?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

57
Q

Where does pectoralis minor insert?

A

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

59
Q

What are the main actions of the subclavius?

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

61
Q

How is the subclavius innervated?

A

Subclavian nerve (C5, C6)

62
Q

Where does the subclavius originate?

A

At the junction of the 1st rib and it’s costal cartilage

63
Q

What are the main actions of serratus anterior?

A

Protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall

Rotates scapula

64
Q

Where does the subclavius insert?

A

Inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle

66
Q

How is serratus anterior innervated?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

68
Q

Where does serratus anterior originate?

A

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

69
Q

Where does serratus anterior insert?

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

ESA2 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions