MSK: path random memorization Flashcards
Osteoporosis causes loss of mass/interconnections in which type of bone?
Spongy/trabecular
What T score is diagnostic of osteoporosis?
=/< -2.5
Type 1 osteoporosis affects what demographic?
Post-menopausal women
Type 2 osteoporosis affects what demographic?
Men and women over 70
What’s the name of the monoclonal antibody against RANK-L?
Denosumab
What mutation is associated with osteopetrosis?
Carbonic anhydrase II
What’s a potential cure for osteopetrosis?
BMT (osteoclasts are derived from monocytes)
Why is there increased ALP in osteomalacia and rickets?
Osteoblasts are hyperactive
A “bone-in-bone” appearance is characteristic of what disease?
Osteopetrosis
Name 4 stages of paget’s disease and cell activity in each.
Lytic: clasts
Mixed: clasts + blasts
Sclerotic: Blasts
Quiescent: minimal blast/clast activity
Paget’s dz of bone is also known by what other name?
Osteitis deformans
2 scariest complications of Paget’s dz of bone?
High-output HF
Osteogenic sarcoma
What is the name for when bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae?
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
What disease presents with the triad of:
- Multiple foci of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- Endocrine abnormalities
- Cafe-au-lait spots
McCune-Albright syndrome
Which bone tumor looks like a mushroom, as it’s made of mature bone with a cartilagenous cap?
Osteochondroma
Another name for osteochondroma?
Exostosis
Bone tumor with multinucleated giant cells and a “soap bubble” appearance on X-ray?
Giant cell tumor
Which bone tumor causes an expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity?
Chondrosarcoma
What benign tumor can (rarely) give rise to chondrosarcoma?
Osteochondroma
Bone infarction and radiation are both risk factors for what type of bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma
What causes the Codman Triangle seen in osteosarcoma?
Elevation of the periosteum
Which bone tumors arise in the metaphysis of long bones?
Osteosarcoma and osteochrondroma
Which bone tumors arise in the diaphysis of long bones?
Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma
Is OA or RA associated with joint space narrowing?
OA
Is OA or RA associated with subchondral cysts?
OA
What type of necrosis is seen with subQ rheumatoid nodules?
Fibrinoid necrosis
Triad of RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia is called?
Felty syndrome
In Sjogren’s syndrome, which auto-antibodies can cross the placenta, leading to fetal conduction defects?
Anti-Ro (SS-A)
Why does EtOH often precipitate acute gout attacks?
EtOH metabolites compete w/ uric acid for elimination in the kidney
Pseudogout: what are the crystals made of?
Calcium pyrophosphate
What are 2 causes of chronic infectious arthritis?
TB and Lyme dz
Which seronegative spondyloarthropathy is associated with dactylitis (sausage fingers) and a “pencil-in-cup” deformity?
Psoriatic arthritis
What cardiac complication is seen in ankylosing spondylitis?
Aortic regurg
An increased PTT that won’t correct with mixing study is characteristic of what autoimmune hematologic condition?
Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
Which auto-antibodies are associated with renal disease in SLE?
Anti-dsDNA
MCC of nephritic syndrome in SLE?
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
MCC of nephrotic syndrome in SLE?
Membranous glomerulonephritis
What disease is lupus pernio seen in?
Sarcoidosis. Bonus fact: lupus pernio is a violaceous rash on the nose and cheeks
Polymyalgia rheumatica causes shoulder and hip pain and stiffness. How does it affect muscle strength and serum CK?
Doesn’t cause muscle weakess, and serum CK is totally normal!
Does polymyositis or dermatomyositis cause endomysial inflammation? Which causes perimysial inflammation?
Polymyositis: endomysial
Dermatomyositis: perimysial
Does polymyositis or dermatomyositis have mainly CD4 cells? Which has mainly CD8 cells?
Polymyositis: CD8
Dermatomyositis: CD4
What 2 occult malignancies are most associated with dermatomyositis?
Ovarian CA and colon CA
MCC of thymic pathology in myasthenia gravis?
Thymic hyperplasia! Don’t just assume it’s thymoma.
Myositis ossificans is an example of what type of cellular reaction to injury?
Metaplasia (sk muscle–> bone)
