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MSK, Skin, CT R&M > MSK: path random memorization > Flashcards

MSK: path random memorization Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoporosis causes loss of mass/interconnections in which type of bone?

A

Spongy/trabecular

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2
Q

What T score is diagnostic of osteoporosis?

A

=/< -2.5

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3
Q

Type 1 osteoporosis affects what demographic?

A

Post-menopausal women

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4
Q

Type 2 osteoporosis affects what demographic?

A

Men and women over 70

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5
Q

What’s the name of the monoclonal antibody against RANK-L?

A

Denosumab

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6
Q

What mutation is associated with osteopetrosis?

A

Carbonic anhydrase II

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7
Q

What’s a potential cure for osteopetrosis?

A

BMT (osteoclasts are derived from monocytes)

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8
Q

Why is there increased ALP in osteomalacia and rickets?

A

Osteoblasts are hyperactive

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9
Q

A “bone-in-bone” appearance is characteristic of what disease?

A

Osteopetrosis

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10
Q

Name 4 stages of paget’s disease and cell activity in each.

A

Lytic: clasts
Mixed: clasts + blasts
Sclerotic: Blasts
Quiescent: minimal blast/clast activity

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11
Q

Paget’s dz of bone is also known by what other name?

A

Osteitis deformans

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12
Q

2 scariest complications of Paget’s dz of bone?

A

High-output HF

Osteogenic sarcoma

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13
Q

What is the name for when bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae?

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

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14
Q

What disease presents with the triad of:

  1. Multiple foci of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
  2. Endocrine abnormalities
  3. Cafe-au-lait spots
A

McCune-Albright syndrome

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15
Q

Which bone tumor looks like a mushroom, as it’s made of mature bone with a cartilagenous cap?

A

Osteochondroma

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16
Q

Another name for osteochondroma?

A

Exostosis

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17
Q

Bone tumor with multinucleated giant cells and a “soap bubble” appearance on X-ray?

A

Giant cell tumor

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18
Q

Which bone tumor causes an expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity?

A

Chondrosarcoma

19
Q

What benign tumor can (rarely) give rise to chondrosarcoma?

A

Osteochondroma

20
Q

Bone infarction and radiation are both risk factors for what type of bone tumor?

A

Osteosarcoma

21
Q

What causes the Codman Triangle seen in osteosarcoma?

A

Elevation of the periosteum

22
Q

Which bone tumors arise in the metaphysis of long bones?

A

Osteosarcoma and osteochrondroma

23
Q

Which bone tumors arise in the diaphysis of long bones?

A

Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma

24
Q

Is OA or RA associated with joint space narrowing?

A

OA

25
Q

Is OA or RA associated with subchondral cysts?

A

OA

26
Q

What type of necrosis is seen with subQ rheumatoid nodules?

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

27
Q

Triad of RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia is called?

A

Felty syndrome

28
Q

In Sjogren’s syndrome, which auto-antibodies can cross the placenta, leading to fetal conduction defects?

A

Anti-Ro (SS-A)

29
Q

Why does EtOH often precipitate acute gout attacks?

A

EtOH metabolites compete w/ uric acid for elimination in the kidney

30
Q

Pseudogout: what are the crystals made of?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate

31
Q

What are 2 causes of chronic infectious arthritis?

A

TB and Lyme dz

32
Q

Which seronegative spondyloarthropathy is associated with dactylitis (sausage fingers) and a “pencil-in-cup” deformity?

A

Psoriatic arthritis

33
Q

What cardiac complication is seen in ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Aortic regurg

34
Q

An increased PTT that won’t correct with mixing study is characteristic of what autoimmune hematologic condition?

A

Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome

35
Q

Which auto-antibodies are associated with renal disease in SLE?

A

Anti-dsDNA

36
Q

MCC of nephritic syndrome in SLE?

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

37
Q

MCC of nephrotic syndrome in SLE?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

38
Q

What disease is lupus pernio seen in?

A

Sarcoidosis. Bonus fact: lupus pernio is a violaceous rash on the nose and cheeks

39
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica causes shoulder and hip pain and stiffness. How does it affect muscle strength and serum CK?

A

Doesn’t cause muscle weakess, and serum CK is totally normal!

40
Q

Does polymyositis or dermatomyositis cause endomysial inflammation? Which causes perimysial inflammation?

A

Polymyositis: endomysial
Dermatomyositis: perimysial

41
Q

Does polymyositis or dermatomyositis have mainly CD4 cells? Which has mainly CD8 cells?

A

Polymyositis: CD8
Dermatomyositis: CD4

42
Q

What 2 occult malignancies are most associated with dermatomyositis?

A

Ovarian CA and colon CA

43
Q

MCC of thymic pathology in myasthenia gravis?

A

Thymic hyperplasia! Don’t just assume it’s thymoma.

44
Q

Myositis ossificans is an example of what type of cellular reaction to injury?

A

Metaplasia (sk muscle–> bone)

MSK, Skin, CT R&M (10 decks)

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