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Derm + MSK Moi > MSK Passmed > Flashcards

MSK Passmed Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the main blood supply to scaphoid ?

A

Dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery

can be compromised when scaphoid is FRACTURED = AVN

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2
Q

How is scaphoid bone fractured ?

A

Wrist fracture due to fall onto outstretched hand (FOOSH).

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3
Q

Presentation of scaphoid fracture ?

A

Pain along the radial aspect of the wrist, at the base of the thumb.
Loss of grip / pinch.
Tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox.
May or may NOT present with joint effusion.

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4
Q

Management of scaphoid fracture ?

A

Futuro splint or standard below-elbow backslab

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5
Q

What is osteomyelitis ?

A

Is inflammation of the bone / bone marrow due to infection.

Can be either contagious / Hematogenous

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6
Q

Examples of contagious OM ?

A

From adjacent soft tissues to the bone or from direct injury/trauma to bone.

Common in
Young: injury
Elderly: pressure sore, vascular insuff
DM: soft tissue infection

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7
Q

Risk factors for Contagious include:

A

Diabetic foot ulcers / pressure sores, diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease.

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8
Q

Examples of Hematogenous OM ?

A

Due to dental procedures, IV drugs, haemodialysis

Common in
In children: long bones
Adults: vertebrae osteomyelitis

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9
Q

Risk factors for Hematogenous include:

A

Sickle cell anaemia, intravenous drug user, immunosuppression due to either medication or HIV, infective endocarditis

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10
Q

OM: s. aureus ?

A 
common in 
children / adults 
prosthetic 
IV drug 
vertebral lesions
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11
Q

OM: s. epidermis ?

A

Common in
Diabetics
Prosthetics

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12
Q

OM: strep ?

A

Diabetics

Neonates + infants

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13
Q

OM: salmonella ?

A

sickle cell anemia

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14
Q

OM: klebsiella ?

A

UTI

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15
Q

What to test for to rule out SLE ?

A 
Over 99% of patients with SLE are ANA +VE 
Complement level (C3 – 4) are LOW.

ANCA most likely assoc. with vasculitis

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16
Q

what is Raynaoud’s phenomenon ?

A

Exaggerated vasocontraction response to cold / stress.
Reduces the blood supply to the finger’s, causing the white colour change.

Common in young women.

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17
Q

What is Osteopetrosis :

A

Aka MARBLE BONE disease.

Rare disorder of defective osteoclasts function resulting in failure of normal bone resorption.

18
Q

What is Carpal tunnel syndrome ?

A

Can cause weakness to the areas above the wrist due to the compression of the median nerve.

19
Q

Presentation of Carpal tunnel syndrome ?

A

pain/pins + needles in thumb, index, middle finger
unusually the symptoms may ‘ascend’ proximally
patient shakes his hand to obtain relief, classically at night

20
Q

wWhat is Tinel’s sign ?

A

Tapping causes paraesthesia

21
Q

What is Phalen’s sign ?

A

Flexion of wrist causes symptoms

22
Q

Treatment of CTS ?

A 
Corticosteroid injection
Wrist splints at night
surgical Decompression (flexor retinaculum division)
23
Q

What is Fibromyalgia ?

A

Pain all over the body.
Causes tiredness + sleep disturbance + tenderness in some area.
PMR = present with wt loss + fever.

24
Q

What are the assoc. with GOUT ?

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - Inherited enzyme deficiency also known as juvenile gout.

25
Q

What assoc. with Pseudogout ?

A

Hyperparathyroidism -
deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the synovium

Aspiration: weakly-positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals.

26
Q

Who is more likely to get HIP fractures ?

A

Very common in elderly people = esp. osteoporotic females

27
Q

Signs of HIP Fractures ?

A

the classic signs are a shortened + externally rotated leg.

Patients with non-displaced / incomplete neck of femur fractures may be able to weight bear.

28
Q

SE of Denosumab ?

A

RANKL antagonist and inhibits the formation, function and survival of osteoclasts.

29
Q

SE of Bisphosphonate ?

A

Associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw

30
Q

system used to classify growth plate injury in children ?

A

Salter - harris system

31
Q

What is complete fracture ?

A

both sides of cortex are breached

32
Q

Toddlers fracture ?

A

Oblique tibial fracture in infants

33
Q

Plastic deformity ?

A

Stress on bone resulting in deformity without cortical disruption

34
Q

Greenstick fracture ?

A

Unilateral cortical breach only

35
Q

Buckle fracture ?

A

Incomplete cortical disruption resulting in periosteal haematoma only

36
Q

Boxer fracture is associated with which fracture ?

A

5th metacarpal fracture = common after punching a hard surface

37
Q

Chondromalacia Patellae

A

Softening of cartilage of patella.
Common in teens
Anterior knee pain on waling up + down.

38
Q

Osgood-schlatter Disease (tibial apophysitis)

A

Seen in sporty teens

pain, tenderness + swelling over the tibial tubercle

39
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Pain after exercise

Intermittent swelling + locking

40
Q

Patellar Subluxation

A

Medial knee pain = lateral subluxation of patella

41
Q

Patellar Tendonitis

A

More common n athletic teenage boys.
Chronic anterior knee pain worsens after running.
Tender below patella.

Derm + MSK Moi (3 decks)

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