MSK anatomy Passmed Flashcards
Flexion muscles of Upper arm ?
Anterior part of deltoid
Pectoralis Major
Biceps
Coracobrachialis
Extension muscle of upper arm ?
Posterior Deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus Dorsi
Adduction muscles of upper arm ?
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
Abduciton muscle of upper arm ?
Mid deltoid
Supraspinatus
Medial Rotaters of upper arm ?
Subscapularis
Anterior deltoid
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Lateral Rotaters of upper arm ?
Posterior deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Structures of the lateral malleolus - Superficial
sural nerve
Short saphenous vein
Structures of the lateral malleolus - Deep
Peroneus longus tendon
Peroneus brevis tendon
Where does the long head of the biceps tendon originate?
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis and the short head of biceps brachii?
Coracoid process of the scapula
Site at which the long head of triceps brachii originates.
infraglenoid tubercle
L3 nerve root compression
Sensory loss over anterior thigh.
Weak quadriceps
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test
L4 nerve root compression
Sensory loss anterior aspect of knee
Weak quadriceps
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test
L5 nerve root compression
Sensory loss dorsum of foot
Weakness in foot and big toe dorsiflexion
Reflexes intact
S1 nerve root compression
Sensory loss posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot
Weakness in plantar flexion of foot
Reduced ankle reflex
Musculocutanous nerve (C5-7)
Motor: Elbow flexion + Supination (supplies (biceps brachii, Brachialis + Coracobrachialis)
Sensory: Lateral part of the forearm
Axillary nerve (C5 - 6)
Motor: Shoulder abduction (deltoid muscle).
Sensory: Inferior region of the deltoid muscle.
If damaged via surgical neck fracture = unable to Abduct.
Radial Nerve (C5-8)
Motor: Extension (forearm, wrist, fingers, thumb)
Sensory: Small area between the dorsal aspect of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals
Can result in a wRist drop via axilla / mid-shaft fracture.
Median Nerve (C6 - 8, T1)
LOAF* muscles.
Can be compromised = CTS / supracondylar fracture
Can cause…
Monkey hand
Paralysis of Thenar muscles, opponens pollicis
From elbow = loss of pronation of forearm + weak wrist flexion.
Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)
Motor: Intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF* Wrist flexion.
Sensory: Medial 1+1/2 fingers
Outstretched fall + medial epicondyle fracture = Ulnar claw.
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
Serratus anterior.
Damaged from rib fracture = winged scapula.
What are the Thenar muscles ?
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens Pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
Hypothenar eminence
Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Compression of C5 - 6
Deltoid + Biceps
Compression of C6 - 8
Wrist extensors + Triceps.
Compression of C6 - T1
Wrist flexors
Compression of C8 - T1
Hand muscles
Movement of Supraspinatus ?
aBDucts arm before deltoid
Most commonly injuried
Movement of Infraspinatus ?
Rotates arm laterally
Movement of Teres minor ?
aDDUcts + rotates arm laterally
Movement of Subscapularis ?
aDDucts + rotates arm medially
Structures within carpal tunnel ?
Flexor digitorum profundus (four tendons)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (four tendons)
Flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve
What are the Intrinic muscles ?
A bductor pollicis brevis O pponens pollicis F lexor pollicis brevis A dductor pollicis (thenar muscles) O pponens digiti minimi F lexor digiti minimi brevis A bductor digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles)
What is a positive Froment’s sign ?
is indicative of ulnar nerve palsy.
ulnar nerve is responsible for finger adduction and abduction.
Anterior compartment of leg ?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus (Extends lateral four toes)
Peroneus tertius
Extensor hallucis longus (extends big toe)
Anterior compartment of leg is innervated by which nerve ?
Deep peroneal nerve
What the function of the Anterior compartment of leg ?
Dorsiflexion of ankle joint
Peroneal compartment ?
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Peroneal compartment is innervated by which nerve ?
superficial peroneal nerve
What the function of the Peroneal compartment of leg ?
Plantar flexes the ankle joint
Superficial posterior compartment ?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
What is Superficial posterior compartment function and is innervated by which nerve ?
Tibial nerve
Plantar flexion
Deep posterior compartment ?
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
Deep posterior compartment is innervated by which nerve ?
Tibial nerve
What are the contents of the cubital fossa ?
(From L - M) = 'Really Need Beer To Be At My Nicest' Radial nerve, Brachial tendon, Brachial artery, Median nerve
Femoral Nerve
Knee extension, thigh flexion.
Damaged after Hip/Pelvic fracture, stab/gunshot wounds.
Obturator Nerve
Thigh adduction.
Damaged after anterior hip dislocation.
Tibial nerve
Foot plantar flexion + inversion (sole of foot).
Popliteal laceration, posterior knee dislocation.
Common Peroneal Nerve
Foot dorsiflexion+ eversion.
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Hip abduction.
Damaged via Misplaced intramuscular injection, pelvic / hip fractures.
Look for Trendelenburg sign.
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Hip extension + lateral rotation.
Damaged via sciatic nerve, difficulty rising from seated position,
