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MSK > MSK Overview > Flashcards

MSK Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the musculoskeletal components?

A

bones
joints
tendons
ligaments
skeletal muscles
nerves
cartilage

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2
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A

protection
shape
blood production
calcium storage
support
movement

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3
Q

How does the skeleton provide protection?

A

the cranium protects the soft tissue of the brain
the rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs
the vertebrae protect the spinal cord
the pelvis protects the reproductive organs

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4
Q

How does the skeleton provide shape?

A

without the skeleton, the body would be flabby and shapeless

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5
Q

How does the skeleton provide blood production?

A

RBCs are made in the ribs and limb bones

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6
Q

How does the skeleton provide calcium storage?

A

bone is the largest supply of calcium - 99% of the body’s calcium is found in bones

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7
Q

How does the skeleton provide support?

A

the vertebrae support the head

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8
Q

How does the skeleton provide movement?

A

the bones and joints work with the muscles to enable us to walk, run, and sprint

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9
Q

Is compact (cortical) bone dense or soft?

A

dense

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10
Q

Is spongy (cancellous) bone dense or soft?

A

soft

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of compact/cortical bone?

A

relatively solid
found on external surface of bone
thickest where stresses arrive from a limited range of directions

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of spongy/cancellous bone?

A

open network of struts and plates
located inside the bone
much lighter and easier for muscles to move

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13
Q

How do most bones originate?

A

hyaline cartilage

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14
Q

How is cartilage converted to bone?

A

ossification

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15
Q

How much of the adult skeleton is replaced each year?

A

25%
the entire skeleton turns over every 10 years

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16
Q

What is a joint?

A

where 2 bones connect

17
Q

What joint is the most prone to instability?

A

shoulder because it is a ball and socket joint

18
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

attach bone to bone

19
Q

What do tendons do?

A

attach muscle to bone

20
Q

What do skeletal muscles do?

A

contract to pull on tendons and move the bones of the skeleton
maintain posture and body position
support soft tissues
guard entrances and exits to digestive and urinary tracts
maintain body temperature

21
Q

What do nerves do?

A

control the contraction of skeletal muscles
interpret sensory information
coordinate activities of the body’s organ system

22
Q

What is cartilage?

A

firm gel-like connective tissue

23
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

24
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

the most common type
provides stiff but somewhat flexible support
covers bony surfaces at the joint surfaces to protect the bone

25
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

provides support but can tolerate distortion without damage and return to its original shape

26
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

resists compression
pads the joint and prevents contact between bones during movement
Injury can reduce joint mobility and function

27
Q

What are 2 common fibrocartilages?

A

meniscus of the knee
triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist

28
Q

What are 2 largely important msk causes of disability in the elderly?

A

osteoarthritis
osteoporosis

29
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

long and slow continuum of joint changes and symptoms that involves tissue atrophy and loss of function involving bone, articular cartilage, and intervertebral discs

30
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

loss of bone density due to inability of bone production to keep up with destructin

31
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

loss of muscle mass and strength and consequent functional impairment that occurs with aging

MSK (11 decks)

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