MSK Overview

Question 1

What are the musculoskeletal components?

Answer 1

bones
joints
tendons
ligaments
skeletal muscles
nerves
cartilage

Question 2

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

Answer 2

protection
shape
blood production
calcium storage
support
movement

Question 3

How does the skeleton provide protection?

Answer 3

the cranium protects the soft tissue of the brain
the rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs
the vertebrae protect the spinal cord
the pelvis protects the reproductive organs

Question 4

How does the skeleton provide shape?

Answer 4

without the skeleton, the body would be flabby and shapeless

Question 5

How does the skeleton provide blood production?

Answer 5

RBCs are made in the ribs and limb bones

Question 6

How does the skeleton provide calcium storage?

Answer 6

bone is the largest supply of calcium - 99% of the body’s calcium is found in bones

Question 7

How does the skeleton provide support?

Answer 7

the vertebrae support the head

Question 8

How does the skeleton provide movement?

Answer 8

the bones and joints work with the muscles to enable us to walk, run, and sprint

Question 9

Is compact (cortical) bone dense or soft?

Answer 9

dense

Question 10

Is spongy (cancellous) bone dense or soft?

Answer 10

soft

Question 11

What are the characteristics of compact/cortical bone?

Answer 11

relatively solid
found on external surface of bone
thickest where stresses arrive from a limited range of directions

Question 12

What are the characteristics of spongy/cancellous bone?

Answer 12

open network of struts and plates
located inside the bone
much lighter and easier for muscles to move

Question 13

How do most bones originate?

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage

Question 14

How is cartilage converted to bone?

Answer 14

ossification

Question 15

How much of the adult skeleton is replaced each year?

Answer 15

25%
the entire skeleton turns over every 10 years

Question 16

What is a joint?

Answer 16

where 2 bones connect

Question 17

What joint is the most prone to instability?

Answer 17

shoulder because it is a ball and socket joint

Question 18

What do ligaments do?

Answer 18

attach bone to bone

Question 19

What do tendons do?

Answer 19

attach muscle to bone

Question 20

What do skeletal muscles do?

Answer 20

contract to pull on tendons and move the bones of the skeleton
maintain posture and body position
support soft tissues
guard entrances and exits to digestive and urinary tracts
maintain body temperature

Question 21

What do nerves do?

Answer 21

control the contraction of skeletal muscles
interpret sensory information
coordinate activities of the body’s organ system

Question 22

What is cartilage?

Answer 22

firm gel-like connective tissue

Question 23

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 23

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 24

What is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 24

the most common type
provides stiff but somewhat flexible support
covers bony surfaces at the joint surfaces to protect the bone

Question 25

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 25

provides support but can tolerate distortion without damage and return to its original shape

Question 26

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 26

resists compression pads the joint and prevents contact between bones during movement Injury can reduce joint mobility and function

Question 27

What are 2 common fibrocartilages?

Answer 27

meniscus of the knee triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist

Question 28

What are 2 largely important msk causes of disability in the elderly?

Answer 28

osteoarthritis osteoporosis

Question 29

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 29

long and slow continuum of joint changes and symptoms that involves tissue atrophy and loss of function involving bone, articular cartilage, and intervertebral discs

Question 30

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 30

loss of bone density due to inability of bone production to keep up with destructin

Question 31

What is sarcopenia?

Answer 31

loss of muscle mass and strength and consequent functional impairment that occurs with aging