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Anatomy Extras > MSK nuggets - lower limb > Flashcards

MSK nuggets - lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which fibular nerve is the nerve of the lateral compartment?

A

Superficial fibular

(common fibular supplies the anterior compartment of the leg)

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2
Q

What are the three compartments of the femoral sheath?

A

Lateral = femoral artery

Intermediate = femoral vein

Medial = femoral canal

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3
Q

What nerve supplies the adductor muscles in the leg?

A

Obturator nerve

This nerve exits the pelvis via the obturator canal which passes through the obturator foramen.

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4
Q

What is this ligament?

A

Pubofemoral

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5
Q

What is in the superficial compartment of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Gastrocnemius

(I think plantaris as well)

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia and prevents hyperextension of the knee

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7
Q

Look at the bursa that are on page 123

A
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8
Q

What are the attachments of the medial collateral ligament?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial epicondyle and upper part of the medial surface of the tibia

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9
Q

Look at the superficial fibular nerve, deep fibular nerve, anterior ibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery on essential anatomy

A
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10
Q

What is this ligament?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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11
Q

During which movement of the subtalar joint are ankle sprains more common?

A

Inversion

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12
Q

What is this ligament?

A

Iliofemoral

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13
Q

What is the mnemonic for the door to the foot?

A
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14
Q

What are the three major structures found in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral vein

Femoral artery

Femoral nerve

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15
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

hinge type

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16
Q

What are the root values for the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4, L5, S1

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17
Q

What is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle

Extensords of the toes

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18
Q

What are the functions of the gluteus maximus?

A

Extension and external rotation

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19
Q

Layer 1 muscles of the foot

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Abductor hallucis

Flexor digitorum brevis

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20
Q

Which meniscus is more commonly injured?

A

Medial meniscus

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21
Q

Which part of the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?

A

The lateral part

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22
Q

What is the name of the ring of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum?

A

Acetabular labrum

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23
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A

Fat

Loose connective tissue

Lymphatic vessels - draining the deep inguinal lymph nodes

Deep lymph node the lacunar node

Empty space

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24
Q

How does a femoral hernia arise?

A

Abdominal contents push into the femoral canal within the demoral sheath.

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25
Q

What is the function of the arches of the feet?

A

Distribute body weight and act as shock absorbers

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26
Q

Which muscle does the sciatic nerve always lie under?

A

Piriformis

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27
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Medially = adductor longus

Laterally = sartorius

Base = inguinal ligament

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28
Q

What are the dynamic factors that maintatin the integrity of the arches of the foot?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

Long flexor tendons

Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

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29
Q

What are the adductor muscles supplied by?

A

Obturator nerve (pectineus is supplied by the femoral nerve though)

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30
Q

Which action is likely to break both fibular and tibial bones?

A

Eversion

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31
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

A

Increases the depth of the joint

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32
Q

What are the muscles supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

PISR

Pectineus

Illiacus

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

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33
Q

What muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion?

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum

Extensor hallucis longus

Pernoeus tertius

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34
Q

What are the two main branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

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35
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Fat

popliteal artery

small saphenous vein as well as popliteal vein

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

Popliteal nodes and lymphatic vessels

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36
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament attach to?

A

Medial meniscus

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37
Q

Which sciatic foramen is responsible for structures leaving or entering the perineum?

A

Lesser

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38
Q

What is the highlighted nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve

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39
Q

What is the action of the gluteus medius and gluteus miminus?

A

They are abductors and medial rotators

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40
Q

What are the three main flexors of the hip?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

Pectineus

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

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41
Q

What is the position of the obrutator nerve?

A

Traverses the interior surface of the pubis bone

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42
Q

What is the function of the lateral ankle ligament?

A

prevents over inversion

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43
Q

What muscles are in the deep compartment for the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus medius

Piriformis

Superior gemellus

Obturator internus

Inferior gemellus

Quadrator femoris

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44
Q

Which ligament of the ankle is named the deltoid ligament?

A

Medial ligament - resists over eversion

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45
Q

Which joint of the foot is responsible for inversion and eversion?

A

Subtalar and transverse tarsal joint

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46
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Nerve to vastus medialis

Saphenous nerve (this is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve)

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47
Q

What is the highlighted nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

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48
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

They evert the foot weakly and plantar felx the ankle joint

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49
Q
A
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50
Q

Which bursa is assocaited with housemaids knee?

A

Pre patellar

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51
Q

What are the root values for the inferior gluteal nerve?

What does this nerve supply?

A

L5, S1, S2

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52
Q

Which digit of the foot has no abductors and no adductors?

A

Second digit

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53
Q

Does the sciatic nerve suply any muscles in the gluteal region?

A

No

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54
Q

What are the two main branches of the sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve and the pudendal nerve

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55
Q

What muscles are responsible for plantar flexion?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

Tibialis posterior

Flexor hallucis longus

Flexor digitorum longus

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56
Q

Where do the lymphatic vessels that accompany the small saphenous vein drain?

A

They drain into the popliteal nodes

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57
Q

What are the two muscles of the iliotibial tract?

A

Tensor fascia lataw and the gluteus maximus

58
Q

Layer 3 of foot

A

Adductor hallucis transverse head

Flexor hallucis brevis (medial and lateral heads)

Flexor digiti minimi

Adductor hallucis

59
Q

When is the ankle joint unstable?

A

Generally unstable during platar flexion of the ankle joint

60
Q

What are the three actions of the sartorius on the hip joint?

A

Flexion

Abduction

Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip

It also flexes the leg at the knee joint

So this means that it can flex the knee and the hip which is unusual.

61
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

Deepens the articular surfaces of the tibia - increases the stability of the joint

Shock absorbers

62
Q

What are the passive factors that maintain the integrity of the foot?

A

Shape of the united bones

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Long plantar ligament

Short plantar ligament and plantar aponeurosis

63
Q

The lymphatic vessels that accompany the great saphenous vein end where?

A

They end in the superficial inguinal nodes

64
Q

What are the two major nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral

Obturator

65
Q

What compartment does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Medial compartment

66
Q

Layer 2 muscles of the foot

A

Flexor hallucis longus

Quadratus plantae

Lateral plantar nerve and artery

Medial plantar nerve

67
Q

When does the external iliac become the femoral artery?

A

Inguinal ligament

68
Q

What joints are responsible for inversion and eversion?

A

Subtalar, talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid

69
Q

How do the 4 quadricepts muscles attach to the bone?

A

They unite to form a quadricepts tendon proximal to the patella. this continues as the patellar ligament distal to the patella to its attachment on the tibia (the tuberosity)

70
Q

What movements are possible at the knee joint?

A

Flexion

Extension

Active and passive rotation movements can occur

71
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve which innervates the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Medial plantar and the lateral plantar nerves

72
Q

What substance are the menisci made up of?

A

Fibrocartilage

73
Q

What are the segmental root values for the femoral nerve and the obturator nerve?

A

L2-L4

74
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the ankle joints?

A

Distal end of the tibia and fibula with the superior part of the talus bone

75
Q

Which bursa comunicates with the articular cavity of the knee?

A

Suprapatellar

Clinically significatn because an infection of the bursa may spread to the knee

76
Q

What innervates the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

77
Q

What compartment does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Supplies the anterior compartment

78
Q

What are the muscles that make up the deep group in the posterior compartment?

A

Popliteus

Tibialis posterior (looks like feathers on an arrow)

Flexor hallucis longus (most lateral but becomes medial)

Flexor digitorum longus

79
Q

What are the adductors of the hip?

A

adductors longus, brevis and magnus, pectineus and gracilis

80
Q

Look up ankle ligaments on essential anatomy

A
81
Q

What innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

82
Q

What forms the lumbosacral trunk?

A

The union of L4 and L5

83
Q

Which sex are femoral hernias more common in?

A

More common in females due to wider width of female pelvis

84
Q

What type of joint is the superior and inferior tibio-fibular joint?

A

Superior tibio-fibular joint is a plane type of synovial joint

Inferior tibiofibular joint is a syndesmosis joint

85
Q

What muscles are extensors of the hip?

A

Extension – gluteus maximus; semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris (the hamstrings)

86
Q

What muscles are involved with flexion of the knee?

A

Hamstrings (semitendinosus, semi-membranosus, biceps femorus)

Gracillis

Sartorius

Popliteus

87
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia

88
Q

Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps femoris

89
Q

Describe the location of the femoral nerve

A

Lies on the psoas major muscle and is lateral to the genitofemoral nerve

90
Q

The femoral artery is a continuation of which artery?

A

External iliac

91
Q

What is the main function of the plantaris?

A

Proprioception

Other functions include flexion of te knee and plantar flexion of the ankle

92
Q

What are the nerve root values for the sacral plexus?

A

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami of spinal nerves L4, L5 as well as S1, S2, S3 and S4

93
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius, minimus and the tensor fascia latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

94
Q

What is this ligament?

A

Ischiofemoral

95
Q

When is the malleolar grip strongest?

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint

96
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles?

A

Tibial nerve

97
Q

What are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial

Common fibular

98
Q

Which vein is the femoral vein a continuation of?

A

Femoral vein is a continuation of the popliteal vein

99
Q

What muscles are in the gluteal region, suerficial compartment?

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

100
Q

What allows the femoral artery to go from anterior to posterior?

A

Adductor canal

Adductor hiatus

101
Q

What muscles are medial rotators of the hip?

A

anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fascia latae

102
Q

What muscles form the popliteal fossa upper medially and upper laterally?

A

Upper medially = semimemembranosus

Upper laterally = biceps femoris

103
Q

Which vessels accompany the 3 muscle tendons (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus)

A

Tibial nerve

Posterior tibial artery and vein

104
Q

What are the branches of the sacral plexus?

A

SLIP, DSP

S: superior gluteal nerve.

L: lumbosacral trunk.

I: inferior gluteal nerve.

P: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

D: direct branches to lateral rotators (including nerve to piriformis, nerve to obturator internus, nerve to quadratus femoris, etc), and pelvic floor.

S: sciatic nerve.

P: pudendal nerve.

105
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

common fibular nerve

106
Q

What is the vein on the medial aspect of the foot?

A

The great saphenous vein

107
Q

What musces are involved with extension of the knee

A

Quadriceps femoris

108
Q

Which vein and artery runs in the popliteal fossa?

A

Artery = popliteal

Vein = short saphenous vein

109
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Tibia

Posterior surface of the patella

110
Q

What are the lower boundaries of the politeal fossa?

A

Medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

111
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

112
Q

What are the attachments of the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula

113
Q
A
114
Q

Which branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery and fibular artery

115
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior group of muscles on the leg?

A

Femoral nerve

116
Q

What are the two muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

117
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

A

Great saphenous

118
Q

How does the obturator nerve enter the medial thigh?

A

Through the obturator foramen

119
Q

What separates the lateral meniscus from the lateral colateral ligament?

A

The tendon of the popliteus

120
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the sacral plexus?

A

(L4) L5-S4

121
Q

Look at the bones of a foot

A
122
Q

Which two important veins drain the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris vein and the great saphenous vein

123
Q

What is this ligament?

A

Sacrospinous

124
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?

A

Small saphenous vein

125
Q

Where do testes drain?

A

Para-aortic nodes

126
Q

Revise dermatomes of the leg

A
127
Q

What are abductors of the hip?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae

128
Q

What6 muscles are responsible for lateral rotation?

A

biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, piriformis, assisted by the obturators, gemilli and quadratus femoris.

129
Q

Which artery runs midway between the malleoli?

A

Dorsalis pedis

130
Q

What is the large branch of the femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward the hamstrings?

A

Deep femoral

131
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

A

Small saphenous vein

132
Q

Which ligament plays an important part in maintaining the arch of the foot?

A

Calcaneonavicular

133
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the anterir compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

134
Q

What supplies the lateral rotators?

A

Sacral plexus

135
Q

What are the actions of the deep muscles of the hip?

A

Deep muscles are lateral rotators of the hip

Superficial muscles are external rotators of the hip

136
Q

What structures are involved in the unhappy triad?

A

Medial collateral

Medial meniscus

ACL

137
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?

A

Greater

138
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the formation of the lumabr plexus?

A

T12-L4

139
Q

The femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings?

A

Pubic tubercule

Anterior superior iliac spine

140
Q

Which ankle ligament is the weakest?

A

Lateral

Anatomy Extras (4 decks)

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