Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPTE Study Practice > MSK Interventions > Flashcards

MSK Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

Define decubitus ulcers

A
  • Synonymous with pressure ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the grades/severity of tissue injuries

A
  • Grade 1: mild pain & swelling and pain with tissue tensoin
  • Grade 2: moderate pain & swelling requiring activity modification; tissue is focally tender to palpation; partial ligament tear may result in some increased joint laxity
  • Grade 3: near-complete or complete tear with severe pain; minimal or no pain with tissue tension; palpable defect; complete ligament tear will result in joint laxity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the inflammatory stage of healing

A
  • Begins immediately and lasts 3-5 days
  • Injured cells release prostaglandins & bradykinin to initiate the inflammatory response
  • Platelets form a plug to contain bleeding
  • Vasodilation occurs to increase blood flow to area
  • Damaged tissue is removed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the proliferation stage of healing

A
  • Lasts from 48hrs to 6-8 wks
  • Fibroblasts resorb collagen & synthesize new collagen
  • Decreased macrophages & fibroblasts with corresponding scar formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the remodeling stage of healing

A
  • Tissue will continue tor modal and mature for 1-2 yrs post-injury
  • Increased organization of extracellular matrix
  • Collagen begins to organize into randomly placed fibrils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Healing timelines for muscle

A
  • Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS): 0-3 days
  • Grade 1 strain: 0-4wks
  • Grade 2 strain: 3-12wks
  • Grade 3 strain: 4wks to 6 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Healing timelines for tendons and ligaments

A
  • Tendon: 8wks to 6 months
  • Grade 1 ligament sprain: 0-4wks
  • Grade 2 sprain: 3wks to 6 months
  • Grade 3 sprain: 5wks to >1yr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Healing timeline for bone injury/fracture

A
  • Bone: 6-12 weeks
  • Cartilage (fibrocartilage): 8wks to 12 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define autonomic versus mechanical soft tissue/myofascial techniques

A
  • Autonomic: stimulation of skin & superficial fascia to facilitate a decrease in muscle tension
  • Mechanical: movement of skin, fascia, & muscle causes histological & mechanical changes to occur in soft tissues to produce improved mobility & function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indications for soft tissue/myofascial techniques

A
  • Patients with soft tissue & joint restriction that results in pain & limits ADLs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

contraindications for soft tissue/myofascial techniques

A
  • Soft tissue breakdown
  • Infection
  • Skin disease
  • Cellulitis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Contagious illness
  • Malignant tumor
  • Aneurysms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe soft tissue without motion technique

A
  • Hands do not slide over skin instead they stay in contact with skin while hands & skin move together over the muscle
  • Direction of force is parallel to muscle fibers & total stroke time should be 5-7 seconds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe soft tissue with passive pumping technique

A
  • Place muscle in shortened position and with one hand place tension on muscle parallel to muscle fibers
  • Other hand passively lengthens muscle and simultaneously gradually releases tension of hand in contact with muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe soft tissue with active pumping technique

A
  • Place muscle in lengthened position and with one hand place tension on muscle perpendicular to muscle fibers
  • Other hand guides limb as patient actively shortens muscle
  • As muscle shortens gradually release tension of hand in contact with muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe transverse friction massage

A
  • Used to initiate an acute inflammatory response for a tissue that is in metabolic stasis, such as tendonosis
  • Performed for 5-10 minutes
  • Involved tendon is briskly massaged in a transverse fashion (perpendicular to muscle fibers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Feldenkrais technique

A
  • Lymphatic drainage technique
  • Facilitates development of normal movement patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe PNF hold-relax-contract technique

A
  • Antagonist of the shortened muscle is contracted to achieve reciprocal inhibition & increased range
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are Maitland’s 4 grades of joint mobilization

A
  • Grade I: small amplitude before the beginning of tissue resistance
  • Grade II: large amplitude before the beginning of tissue resistance
  • Grade III: large amplitude into tissue resistance
  • Grade IV: small amplitude into tissue resistance
  • Grade V: high-velocity, low amplitude thrust at the end of joint movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Absolute contraindications in mobilizations, manipulations, & traction

A
  • Ankyloses
  • Malignancy
  • Diseases that affect the integrity of ligaments
  • Arterial insufficiency
  • Active inflammatory and/or infectious process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Signs and symptoms of the “opioid overdose triad”

A
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • Respiratory depression
  • Unconsciousness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe an autologous chondrocyte implantation

A
  • Chondrocytes harvested from lesser weight bearing area of a joint
  • Chondrocyte volume expanded in monolayer culture
  • Re-implanted in the damaged region under a natural or synthetic membrane via an open joint procedure
  • Indication: full thickness cartilage defects
  • Contraindication: severe osteoarthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe platelet rich plasma therapy

A
  • Blood collected from pt & separated into components
  • Preparation of autologous plasma enriched with platelets is injected into target site
  • Supplies supra physiologic amounts of essential growth factors & cytokines to provide a stimulus for tissues with low healing potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Indications for platelet rich plasma therapy

A
  • Tendiopathies
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Ulnar collateral ligament injury
  • Meniscus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Contraindications to platelet rich plasma therapy

A
  • Severe osteoarthritis
  • Prosthetic joints
25
Q

Describe stem cell therapy

A
  • Mesenchymal stem cells harvested from bone marrow & concentrated in a centrifuge
  • Preparation is injected into the site of injury to attempt to stimulate healing
26
Q

Indications for stem cell therapy

A
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Muscle injuries
27
Q

Contraindications for stem cell therapy

A
  • Severe osteoarthritis
  • Prosthetic joints
28
Q

Define malingering (symptom magnification syndrome)

A
  • Behavioral response where displays of symptoms control the life of the patient leading to functional disability
29
Q

Tests to evaluate malingering back pain may include

A
  • Hoover test: assesses the amount of pressure placed on hands from patient’s heels when asked to raise on LE while in a supine position
  • Burn’s test: requires patient to kneel & bend over a chair to touch the floor
  • Waddell’s signs evaluate tenderness, simulation tests, distraction tests, regional disturbances, & overreaction
30
Q

Level I evidence for hamstring strain injury prevention interventions

A
  • Nordic hamstring exercise
  • Warm-up, stretching, stability, strengthening, & functional movements
31
Q

Evidence for management of TKA interventions

A
  • Level I: motor function training
32
Q

Prognostic factors to consider for management of a TKA

A
  • Higher BMI associated with more post-op complications/worse outcomes
  • Depression associated with worse outcomes
  • Pre-op ROM associated with post-op ROM
  • Pre-op strength/function associated with post-op function
  • More comorbidity associated with worse outcomes
33
Q

Pros and cons of a hamstring graft for ACL reconstruction

A
  • Pros: few symptoms post-op; greater return to pre injury level of activity; allows earlier rehab
  • Cons: more expensive; believed to be more technically difficult procedure; rehab can be more difficult (slower)
34
Q

Pros and cons of a patella tendon graft for ACL reconstruction

A
  • Pros: better at maintaining graft tension post-op; less expensive; faster healing time
  • Cons: increased potential for anterior knee pain/later patellar femoral osteoarthrosis; increased potential for knee extension deficit; potential delay in rehab 2ndy to more atrophy of quads
35
Q

Level I evidence for LBP interventions

A
  • Thrust/non-thrust joint mobs to reduce pain/disability ion pts with acute LBP and/or chronic LBP
  • Trunk muscle strengthening/endurance, specific trunk muscle activation exercise, aerobic exercise, aquatic exercise, or general exercise
36
Q

Level II evidence for neck pain with mobility deficits interventions

A
  • Acute: thoracic manipulation, neck ROM, scapulothoracic & UE stretching and strengthening
  • Subacute: neck and shoulder girdle endurance
  • Chronic: thoracic manip, cervical mob/manip, neuromuscular exercises, stretching, strengthening, endurance, aerobic conditioning, cognitive, dry needling, intermittent traction
37
Q

Level II evidence for acute neck pain with movement coordination impairments (including WAD) interventions

A
  • Advice to remain active
  • Education to return to pre accident activities ASAP
  • Minimize use of cervical collar
  • Perform postural/mobility exercises to decrease pain & increase ROM
  • Reassurances that recovery will occur within first 2-3 months
  • Multimodal interventions including mobilization, strengthening, endurance, flexibility, postural, aerobic for those pts predicted to have a moderate to slow recovery
38
Q

Level II evidence for neck pain with headache interventions

A
  • Acute: supervised active mobility exercises
  • Subacute: cervical mobilization/manipulation
  • Chronic: cervical/thoracic mobilization/manipulation, shoulder girdle & neck stretching, endurance and strengthening
39
Q

Level II evidence for chronic neck pain with radiating pain interventions

A
  • Stretching
  • Strengthening
  • Cervical/thoracic mobilization/manipulation
  • Education & counseling to participate in activities & movement
  • Mechanical intermittent cervical traction
40
Q

Level I interventions for heel pain-plantar fasciitis

A
  • Should use joint & soft tissue mobilization
  • Should use dry needling in the gastroc, soleus, & plantar muscles of the foot
  • Should include motor function training
  • Should use either rigid or elastic taping in conjunction with other PT treatments
  • Should prescribe night splints for 1-2 months
  • Should NOT use ultrasound
41
Q

Level I evidence for Achilles’ tendinopathy interventions

A
  • Mechanical loading (eccentric or heavy load, slow velocity) exercise to decrease pain and increase function
42
Q

Level I evidence for ankle ligament sprain interventions

A
  • Primary prevention should prescribe prophylactic bracing
  • 2ndy prevention should prescribe prophylactic bracing & proprioception/balance training
  • For severe injuries, may immobilize for up to 10 days post-injury
  • Should implement structured therapeutic exercise program
  • Should use manual therapy in conjunction with exercise to reduce swelling, improve mobility, and normalize gait
  • Should NOT use ultrasound
43
Q

Level I evidence for patella femoral pain interventions

A
  • Should consider foot orthoses, patellar taping, patellar mobs, & LE stretching
  • Should include both hip & knee exercises
  • Hip exercises should target posterolateral hip muscles
  • Knee exercises may include weight bearing or non-weight bearing exercises
  • Should NOT dry needle
  • Should NOT use manual therapy as a stand alone treatment
44
Q

Level II evidence for meniscal/articular cartilage lesions interventions

A
  • Early progressive knee motion
  • Supervised rehab program
  • Progressive ROM exercises, strength training for knee/hip, & neuromuscular training
  • NMES to increase quad strength. functional performance, & knee function
  • Stepwise progression of weight bearing following surgery to reach full weight bearing at 6-8wks
45
Q

Level I evidence for knee ligament sprain interventions

A
  • Concentric/eccentric exercises in non-weight bearing & weight bearing status starting with 4-6wks & continuing up to 10mo
  • NMES following reconstruction surgery (up to 6-8wks)
  • Neuromuscular reeducation along with strengthening in patients with knee instability & movement coordination impairments
46
Q

Level I evidence for older adults with hip fracture interventions

A
  • Across the entire episode of care you MUST provide structured exercise, to include progressive high-intensity resistance exercise (weight bearing & non-weight bearing), balance training, & functional mobility training
  • Patient education to maximize safe physical activity
  • Should prescribe a multidisciplinary orthogeriatric program
47
Q

Level II evidence for non-arthritic hip pain interventions

A
  • Movement pattern training
  • Therapeutic exercises/activties to address identified joint mobility, muscle flexibility, & strength deficits
  • Patient education and counseling
48
Q

Level II evidence for carpal tunnel syndrome interventions

A
  • Should recommend neutral positioned wrist orthoses worn at night for short-term symptom relief & functional improvement
  • Should NOT use low-level laser therapy or iontophoresis or use/recommend magnets
49
Q

CPG for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • Need 3 of the following to diagnose
  • Age >45
  • Shaking hands relieves symptoms
  • Sensory loss in the thumb
  • Wrist ratio index >0.67
  • CTQ-SSS score >1.9
50
Q

Level II evidence for lateral elbow pain interventions

A
  • Therapeutic exercises with isometric, concentric, and/or eccentric wrist extension exercise for subacute or chronic lateral elbow tendinopathy
  • Should use local elbow manual therapy to reduce short-term pain & increase grip strength
  • Should use resisted wrist extension exercises in combination with other interventions, including manual therapy
  • Should use rigid taping for short-term pain relief in patients with irritable pain
  • Should use either tendon or trigger point dry needling for treating pain
51
Q

Level I evidence for adhesive capsulitis (Frozen shoulder) interventions

A
  • Intra-articular corticosteroid injections combined with shoulder mobility & stretching provide short-term (4-6wks) pain relief & improved function as compared to exercises alone
52
Q

Special tests to confirm a full thickness supraspinatus tear

A
  • Jobe (empty can)
  • Full can
  • ER lag sign
53
Q

Special tests to confirm a full thickness infraspinatus tear

A
  • ER lag sing
54
Q

Special tests to confirm a full thickness subscapularis tear

A
  • Lift off and belly press OR belly press and bear hug
55
Q

Special tests to confirm a RTC tendinopathy/partial tear

A
  • Painful arc test
56
Q

Sort A level evidence for RTC interventions

A
  • Consider corticosteroid injection to reduce pain & short-term disability in patients with severe/persistent pain associated with rotator cuff tendinopathy
  • Use an active rehab program as the initial treatment to reduce pain/disability
  • Subacromial decompression is NOT recommended even if initial non-surgical management failed
57
Q

Level I evidence for post-op management interventions of glenohumeral joint arthritis

A
  • Should use a sling & progressive ROM & strengthening exercises to improve reported outcomes & ROM
58
Q

Examination CPG to diagnose hip OA

A
  • Hip IR <24º or IR/flexion 15º less than non painful side
  • Passive IR increases pain
  • Morning hip stiffness after awakening
  • Moderate anterior or lateral hip pain when weight bearing
59
Q

Level I evidence for hip OA interventions

A
  • Flexibility, strengthening, & endurance (dosage 1-5x per wk for 6-12wks with mild to moderate hip OA)
  • Manual therapy for mild to moderate hip OA that may include soft tissue mobilization, thrust, & non thrust (dosage 1-3x per wk over 6-12wks)

NPTE Study Practice (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions