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Step 1 Shit I'm Forgetting/embryogology > MSK injuries > Flashcards

MSK injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the shoulder muscles that form the rotator cuff?

A

-Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, teres minor, Subscapularis

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2
Q

What muscles are innervated by the suprascapular nerve?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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3
Q

What nerve innervates teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

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4
Q

What innervates the subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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5
Q

What is the most common fracture of the carpal bones? and how?

A

Scaphoid; due to a fall on an outstretched hand-> avascular necrosis

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6
Q

What can cause acute carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Dislocation of the lunate

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7
Q

How are you gonna remember all the wrist bones?

A

So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetium, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

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8
Q

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome associated with?

A

-Pregnancy, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hypothyroidism, Diabetes, Dialysis-related amyloidosis; repetitive use

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9
Q

What is Guyon Canal Syndrome?

A
  • Compression of ulnar nerve @ wrist or hand -> in the guyon canal aka Ulnar tunnel syndrome
  • Pressure from handlebars
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10
Q

Axillary nerve injury would be caused by? Presentation?

A

-Fractured surgical neck of humerus; anterior dislocation of humerus

Presentation: Flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction at shoulder (>15 degrees), Loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm
C5-6

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11
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve injury?

A 
(C5-7) 
-Caused: upper trunk compression 
Presentation: 
-Loss of forearm flexion and supination 
-Loss of sensation over lateral forearm
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12
Q

Radial nerve injury?

A

Caused: Midshaft fracture of humerus; Compression of axilla; ex: due to crutches or sleeping with arm over chair (“Saturday Night Palsy”)
Presentation: Wrist drop, loss of elbow, wrist and finger extension
-Weakness/ decrease in grip strength (wrist extension necessary for maximal action of flexors)

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13
Q

What are the major flexors of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris

-Median and Ulnar nerves

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14
Q

What are the major extensors of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
-Radial nerve

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15
Q

Median nerve injury?

A

Caused: Supracondylar fracture of humerus (proximal lesion)

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist laceration (distal)
  • Ape hand/pope blessing
  • loss of wrist flexion, flexion of lateral fingers, thumb opposition, lumbricals of 2nd and 3rd digits
  • Loss of sensation over thenar eminence and dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3 1/2 fingers with proximal lesion
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16
Q

Ulnar nerve injury?

A
  • Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus “funny bone” (proximal lesion)
  • Fractured hook of hamate (distal lesion)

Presentation: Loss of wrist flexion, flexion of medial fingers, abduction and adduction of fingers (interossei), actions of medial 2 lumbrical muscles
Sensation loss: over medial 1 2/2 fingers including hypothenar eminence

17
Q

Injury to Recurrent branch of median nerve (C5-T1) ?

A
  • Superficial laceration of palm
  • “Ape of hand”
  • loss of thenar muscle group: opposition, abduction, and flexion of thumb
  • no loss of sensation
18
Q

What do the lumbricals do?

A

-Flex at the MCP and flex at the DIP and PIP

19
Q

Cause and presentation of Obturator nerve?

A

(L2-L4)
Cause: Pelvic surgery
Presentation: decrease sensation in the medial thigh and decreased adduction because it innervates the adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gracilis muscles

20
Q

Cause and presentation of Femoral nerve?

A

(L2-L4)
Cause: Pelvic Fracture
Presentation: Decrease in thigh flexion and leg extension
-innervates the anterior thigh muscles that flex the hip joint and extend the knee

21
Q

Cause and presentation of Common Peroneal nerve?

A

-(L4-S2)
Caused: Trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg, fibular neck fracture
Presentation: Foot drop- inverted and plantarflexed at rest, loss of eversion, and dorsiflexion
“Steppage gait”
-LOSS OF SENSATION ON DORSUM OF FOOT

PED= Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot dropPED

22
Q

Cause and presentation Tibial nerve?

A

(L4-S3)

  • Knee trauma, Baker cyst (proximal lesion)
  • Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (Distal lesion)
  • Inability to curl toes and loss of sensation on sole of foot
  • Proximal lesions, foot everted at rest with loss of inversion and plantarflexion

TIP= Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; If injured, can’t stand on TIPtoes

23
Q

Cause of Superior gluteal nerve injury?

A

-Iatrogenic injury during intramuscular injection to upper medial gluteal region

24
Q

Presentation of Superior gluteal nerve injury?

A
  • Trendelenburg sign/gait-pelvis tilts because weight-bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction.
  • Lesion is contralateral to the side of the hip that drops, ipsilateral to extremity on which the patient stands
25
Q

Cause and Presentation of Inferior gluteal nerve injury?

A

-Cause: Posterior hip dislocation

Presentation: Difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position. Loss of hip extension

26
Q

Disc herniation of L3-L4 would cause?

A

-Weakness of knee extension and patellar reflex (L4)

27
Q

Disc herniation of L4-L5?

A

L5 injury

-Weakness of dorsiflexion, difficulty heel walking

28
Q

Disc herniation of L5-S1?

A

S1 injury

-Weakness of plantarflexion, difficulty in toe walking, decreased Achilles reflex

29
Q

Axilla/lateral thorax contain?

A

Long thoracic nerve

Lateral thoracic artery

30
Q

Surgical neck of humerus?

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex artery

31
Q

Midshaft of humerus?

A

Radial nerve

Deep brachial artery

32
Q

Distal humerus/ cubital fossa?

A

Median nerve

Brachial artery

33
Q

Popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve

Popliteal artery

34
Q

Posterior to medial malleolus ?

A

Tibial nerve

Posterior tibial artery

Step 1 Shit I'm Forgetting/embryogology (7 decks)

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