MSK imaging Flashcards
which 2 types of fractures are most common in peds?
torus, greenstick
what causes a torus aka buckle fracture?
axial loading/compression
valgus
distal part of the bone is more lateral than it should be
what does SALTR used for? stand for?
pediatric fractures. straight, above, lower, transverse, rammed
which Salter-Harris types usually happen to age 10+?
type 2 and 3
what fracture is common in high impact sports when people put their wrist out to break their fall?
Colles fracture
describe a Colles fracture
Fracture of the distal radial metaphyseal region
Dorsal angulation and impaction
No involvement of articular surface
type of splint for colles fracture post-reduction
sugar-tong splint (prevents pronation and supination)
how is Barton’s different from Colles fracture?
Bartons involves the articular surface, is often ASW dislocation of the radiocarpal joint, and extends throught the dorsal aspect of the distal radius but NOT the palmar
what normally causes Smith’s fracture?
fall on a flexed wrist or direct blow
Galeazzi fracture
Distal/mid radius fracture with dislocation of the radioulnar joint
Reqs xray of wrist and forearm to see it
what is the opposite of a Galeazzi fracture?
Monteggia. Fracture of the ulnar shaft w/ dislocation of radial head
most common carpal bone fracture
scaphoid
snuffbox tenderness, Terry Thomas aka Madonna sign (Scapholunate dislocation (widening between the schpaoid and lunate)
scaphoid fracture
splint for scaphoid fracture
thumb spica splint
Weber classification is for what?
lateral malleolar fracture
weber fracture class C
always unstable
Often with medial malleolus fracture
Syndesmotic ligament disruption
Deltoid ligament injury
Distal tibiofibular syndesmosis disruption
Associated medial malleolar fracture, medial collateral ligament rupture, and proximal fibular fracture
High Weber C, unstable ankle joint
Traumatic external rotation
Complex, unstable
Maisonneuve Fracture
Distal tibia fracture
Compression injury
Related to a fall from a height
Check for associated talar or calcaneal fracture
Pilon fracture
of degrees in Bohler’s angle in calcaneal fracture
<20 degrees
posterior fat pad sign and sail sign are ASW what fracture?
supracondylar
sail sign but no visible fracture: how to treat it?
treat it like a fracture
95% of shoulder dislocations
anterior
3 xray view for shoulder dislocation
AP, oblique, Y view
2 views needed for clavicle fracture xrays
AP, cephalic tilt (45 degrees)
which 2 of the 5 types of clavicle fractures need surgery?
types 2 and 5
how to rule in/out an occult hip fracture
MRI (emergently or urgently)
imaging for necrotising fasciitis
CT w/ contrast (venous)
which imaging:
Facial fractures
Vertebral fractures (first line)
Occult pelvic/sacral fractures
Multiple rib fractures on x-ray/occult rib fractures
Pre-operative planning (gives better detail of bony anatomy)
Complex fractures: tibial plateau fractures (prox tibia), pelvic/sacral fractures, etc
CT w/o contrast
what imaging:
Peripheral arterial disease/arterial occlusion
Arterial dissection
CT angiography of the extremities
what imaging: Foreign body localization (esp if not metal/bone that would show on xray)
Superficial abscess detection and drainage
US
Pt had fall, neg xray but trouble bearing weight. what next?
get MRI
what imaging?
Malignancy/mass
Infection
MRi w and w/o contrast
what imaging for an “overview” of metastatic skeletal lesions , as opposed to MRI for specific lesions/masses?
bone PET scan
which tests are ok for unstable trauma pt?
E-FAST exam (abdomen and chest US)
bedside xray
when to order Ct w/ contrast for stable trauma pt? (what areas)
chest, abdomen/pelvis
