Labs test 1 Flashcards
Na normal range
136-145
K normal range
3.5-5.0
Cl normal range
98-106
CO2/ HCO3 normal range
23-30
BUN normal range
10-20
creatinine normal range
0.5-1.2
glucose normal range
74-106
critical values for K
<2.5 or >6.5
WBC normal range
Adults/Child >2: 5,000-10,000/mm3
WBC panic values
> 30,000 – Bone marrow disorder
<2,500 – Insufficient protection against invasive organisms
RBC normal range
4.7-6.1 x10^6
Hgb normal range
M: 14-18 g/dL
F: 12-16 g/dL
Hgb panic values
Panic: <5 g/dL OR >20g/dL
hematocrit normal values
M: 42-52%
F: 37-47%
Hct panic values
<15% or >60%
platelets normal values
150,000-415,000/mm^3
platelets panic values
<50,000 or >1 million/mm3
MCV normal range
80-100
MCV>100 is called what
macrocytic anemia
Absolute reticulocyte count formula
RBC count x % retics
Corrected Reticulocyte Count
reported count x Patient’s HCT
_____________________
Normal HCT
low ferritin levels is ASW what anemia
iron deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anema causes
TICS: Thalassemia, Iron deficiency (late detected), Chronic disease (AOCD), Sideroblastic anemia, + possible Lead poisoning (but not top 4 ddx)
atypical lymphocytes seen w/ what
viral infx
atypical lymphocytes elevated >20%
mononucleosis
absolute neutrophil count formula
total WBC x (%neutrophils + bands)
CBC-D indication of left shift
increase in % neutrophils and bands compared to lymphocytes
DVT prophylaxis INR value
1.5-2.0
DVT INR values
2-3
Afib INR values
2-3
PE INR values
2.5-3.5
prosthetic valve prophylaxis values
3-4
test for pts on coumadin
INR
test for pts on heparin
aPTT
intrinsic causes of RBC hemolysis
- Hemoglobin defect: Sickle Cell
- Membrane defect: Spherocytosis
- Enzyme deficiency: G6PD
When RBC are hemolyzed, what lab tests go UP?
-reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase, unconjugated bilirubin
When RBC are hemolyzed, what lab tests go DOWN?
In Hemolytic anemias, Haptoglobin decreases
hypernatremia value
> 145
msot common cause of hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism
most common cause of hypocalcemia
s/p thyroidectomy
increase in calcitriol affects Ca and phosphate how?
Ca and phosphate increase
increase in PTH affects Ca and phsophate how?
Ca increases, phosphate decreases
normal AST/ALT value
<1
AST/ALT elevated in whom?
alcoholic liver dz
ALT is sensitive and specific for
hepatocellular dz
elevated alk phos level is most sensitive test for
metastases to liver
LDH is elevated in which 2 conditions
MI, hemolytic anemia
Elevated GGT + elevated ALP is specific for
hepatobiliary dz
normal A1C range
4-5.9%
What A1C levels indicate good, fair, poor control for a diabetic patient?
•Good diabetic control: <6.5%
Fair control: 6.8-7.5%
Poor control: >7.5%
corrected Ca formula
[Ca mg/dL]+{0.8×(4−[Alb g/dL])}
cell morphology ASW Post splenectomy, pyruvate kinase deficiency
Acanthocyte/spurr
cell morphology ASSW liver dz, artifact on speciumen, malnutrition
Echinocyte/burr
cell morphology ASW G6PD deficiency, oxidative drugs, Heinz body anemias
bite cell
RBC morphology ASW thalassemia, hemoglobin C dz, liver dz
target cells
RBC morphology ASW myelofibrosis, problems w/ bone marrow.
teardrops
RBC morphology ASW asplenism, severe hemolytic anemia
howell jolly bodies
RBC morphology ASW G6Pd deficiency, oxidative drugs
heinz bodies
RBC morphology ASW multiple myeloma
rouleaux
tests for macrocytic anemia
B12, folate, peripheral smear
tests for normocytic anemia
workup of chronic dz, bone marrow biopsy
tests for microcytic anemia
iron studies, Hgb electrophoresis, workup of chronic dz
causes of macrocytic RBC
vit B12 / folate defic, liver dz, MDS, chemo
mechanical valves can cause what RBC morphology?
schistocyte
autoimmune hemolytic anemia can cause what morphology of RBC
spherocyte
causes of hemolytic anemia
sickle cell, G6PD defic, splenic destruction, transfusion
cause of microcytic normochromic anemia
renal dz
