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L&D > Labs test 2 > Flashcards

Labs test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

LDL goals

A
  • <100 for avg person

- <70 for high risk (DM, CAD, any strain on heart)

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2
Q

HDL goals

A
  • M >45

- F >55

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3
Q

Trigs goals

A
  • M <160

- F <135

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4
Q

critical trigs level

A

> 400

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5
Q

total chol goal

A

<200

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6
Q

is CK-MB more or less sensitive and specific than troponins?

A

less

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7
Q

what cardiac test is most specific for MI

A

troponin

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8
Q

BNP level to r/o HF

A

<100

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9
Q

BNP >400 means

A

HF

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10
Q

FT3 is to test for what

A

hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

primarily used as a tumor marker to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for thyroid cancer and to monitor for recurrence.

A

thyroglobulin test

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12
Q

Calcitonin is increased in

A

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

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13
Q

GH: stimulation and suppression tests or random measurements preferred?

A

stimulation and suppression tests

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14
Q

when is TRH ordered

A

when we need to evaluate the function of the pituitary gland.

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15
Q

when to test HTN pts for aldosterone

A

Primarily used to screen hypertensive patients for possible Conn syndrome (adrenal adenoma producing excess aldosterone) for persistent or unresponsive HTN

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16
Q

best collection method for catecholamines

A

24 hour urine specimen

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17
Q

when to test for C-peptide

A

Used to differentiate endogenous insulin from exogenous insulin and production/administration
• Help tell when trying to differentiate type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes

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18
Q

LFTs that measure synthetic function

A
  • Albumin, Protein, globulin

* Don’t forget PT, PTT

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19
Q

LFTs that measure inflammation

A
  • Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT)
  • Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST)
  • Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
  • Can also include
  • Lactate Dehydroginase (LDH)
  • Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
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20
Q

LFTs that measure biliary function/cleansing

A
  • Bilirubin (total, direct, indirect)

* Don’t forget Ammonia

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21
Q

is ALT or AST more specific to liver

A

ALT

22
Q

most sensitive marker of biliary obstructionff

A

GGT

23
Q

ALP: think ______

A

biliary tree

24
Q

AST/ALT >2

A

alcoholic hepatitis

25
Q

main elements of celiac panel

A
  • Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) Antibody, IgA
  • Gliadin Antibody, IgA
  • Total IgA
26
Q

C-reactive protein is sensitive for

A

inflammation

27
Q

ideal Protein/creatinine ratio

A

<0.2

28
Q

dipstick glucose critical value

A

4+ is a critical value (>1000mg/dL)

29
Q

normal renal threshold of glucose

A

180

30
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin gets excreted where

A

stool

31
Q

fatty cast means

A

nephrotic syndrome

32
Q

BUN and serum creatinine: which overestimates GFR

A

serum Cr

33
Q

Creatinine Clearance formula

A

UV/P
• U = mg per dL of creatinine excreted in the urine over 24 hours
• V = volume of urine in mL per minute
• P = serum creatinine in mg per dL

34
Q

lab difference: past HBV vs HBV vax’ed

A

both have HBsAb antibody. past infx also has HBcAb (IgG)

35
Q

pCO2 range

A

35-45

36
Q

pH range

A

7.35-7.45

37
Q

bicarb range

A

22-26

38
Q 
causes of ?
•	Chronic lung disease (BPD, COPD)
•	Neuromuscular disease
•	Extreme obesity
•	Chest wall deformity
A

acute resp acidosis

39
Q

when does CK-MB rise, peak, return to normal

A

t rises 3-6 hours after infarction, peak 12-24 return to normal in 12-48 hours

40
Q

Which typically stays elevated longer: troponin I or troponin T?

A

Troponin T (elevated 10-14 days compared to 7-10 days for I)

41
Q

What percentage of calcium is in the bones, what percentage circulates?

A

99% in bones, 1% in blood

42
Q

Of the circulating calcium, how much is free and how much is bound?

A

½ of the 1% circulating ca is free and ½ is bound (total free = 0.5%; total bound = 0.5%)

43
Q

corrected total Ca formula

A

0.8 (normal albumin (or 4) - measured albumin) + reported calcium

44
Q

What is worse for your heart - hyper or hypocalcemia?

A

hyper

45
Q

check what hormone in hyponatremia

A

ADH

46
Q

urine pH >7.5

A

proteus infx

47
Q

bence jones proteins in urinalysis

A

multiple myeloma

48
Q

BUN/Cr ratio in pre-renal failure and intra

A

Pre-renal failure: BUN/Cr ratio >20:1

Intrinsic renal failure (BUN/Cr ratio <20:1)

49
Q

Cockcroft-Gault equation (for CrCl of serum)

A

[(140 - pt’s age)(wt in kg)] / (72 x serum creatinine)

50
Q

anion gap formula

A

Na - (Cl+HCO3)

51
Q

normal anion gap

A

12

52
Q

causes of high anion gaps

A

MUDPILES

Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde, Isopropyl alcohol, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol & Ethanol, Salicylates

L&D (6 decks)

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