MSK - Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Which two muscles of the ‘leg’ (lower part of lower limb) can also flex at the knee? Why?
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Both originate above the knee on the femur
What does the tibial and common peroneal branches of the sciatic nerve innervate?
Tibial - posterior
Common peroneal - lateral and anterior
At which point is the common peroneal nerve most susceptible to injury? What clinical sign would you see with injury here?
At the top of the fibula - as it winds round the neck here. So any fracture here it can damage.
Supplies anterior and lateral compartments so get foot drop.
What are the three superficial muscles of the posterior leg and where do they all insert into?
Gastrocnemius
Soles
Plantaris
all merge to calcaneon tendon
What is the primary function of the soleus muscle?
Plantar flex at the ankle joint
What is the role of the popliteus muscle?
To laterally rotate the femur on the tibia unlocking the knee so flexion can occur
What are the 4 deep muscles of the posterior leg.
Popliteus
Flexor Hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
You would think the flexor hallucis longus is medial due to the location of the great toe but it isn’t - where is it?
It is lateral to the tibialis posterior (middle) and flexor digitorum longus (medial)
The common peroneal nerve splits into the superficial and the deep - which of these supplies the lateral compartment and which supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
The superficial - lateral compartment
The deep - anterior compartment
What do the fibularis longus and brevis do? What compartment are they in?
Eversion
Lateral compartment
What does the tibilis anterior do?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
What does the extensor hallucis longus do?
Extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion of the foot
What does the extensor digitorum longus do?
Extension of the lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
Where is most likely to rupture on the achilles tendon and why?
6cm above the calcaneon is the watershed area, which is the area with the poorest blood supply so most likely to rupture
What is planovulgus?
Flat foot
What is talar shift?
Talus is not anatomically below the tibia - shifted - normally laterally - e.g. if medial malleolus is fractured
What is the medical term for bunions?
Hallux Valgus
What is arthritis of the big toe called?
Hallux Rigidus
What is Charcot arthropathy? What is the term used to a really severe case?
From diabetes - neuropathy - leads to massive deformity and bone loss - rocker bottom foot is severe
Describe the Thompsons test for achilles tendon rupture
On squeezing calf normal test should plantar flex foot
Positive test would be no plantar flexion
