Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CM 4 > MSK Diagnosis > Flashcards

MSK Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal stenosis?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Labs: Increased ESR and Negative RA and ANA.
Xray: Bamboo Spine and Sacroilitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Herniated disc?

A

Definitive Diagnosis: MRI.

Xray shows loss of disc height.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compression fracture?

A

Xray: Loss of vertebral height.

MRI or CT if neuro symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spondylolysis?

A

Lateral xray: radiolucent defect in pars; oblique: “scotty dog” w/ collar which shows a break in the pars interarticularis.
CT
Bone scan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spondylothisthesis?

A

Xray: Forward slipping on vertebra. Lateral views to measure slip angle and grade; flex/extension views can help eval stability.
MRI if neuro symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

RA?

A

Labs: RF and ACPA + and elevated ESR and C-reactive protein.
Xray: Loss of junta articular bone mass. Narrowing of joint space. Boney erosions at margins of joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RA diagnosis criteria?

A

Inflammatory arthritis of three or more joints
Symptoms lasting at least 6 weeks
Elevated CRP and ESR
Positive serum RF or ACPA
Radiographic changes consistent with RA (erosions and periarticular decalcification)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reactive arthritis/Reiter Syndrome?

A

Synovial fluid for analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Increased ESR, proteinuria. ANCA -. Renal and mesenteric angiography: microaneurysms “beading”/strung together “rosary sign”.
Definitive: Biopsy shows necrotizing medium vessel vasculitis & no granulomas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

ESR elevated. Normal CK and aldolase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis?

A 
Best Initial: Elevated CK and Aldolase.
\+ anti JO 1 and ANA.
Increased ESR & CRP, RF.
Definitive Diagnosis: Muscle biopsy 
Abnml EMG.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fibromyalgia?

A

Multiple trigger points. Symmetrical.
Criteria:
1. Widespread pain including axial pain for at least 3 months.
2. Pain in at least 11/18 tender point sites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sjogren Syndrome?

A

Best Initial: ANA + & AntiSS-A and -B.
Schirmer test: decreased tear production (wetting of < 5mm
of the filter paper placed in the lower eyelid for 5 minutes.
Definitive: salivary gland (lip or parotid) biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Scleroderma?

A

Anti-centromere antibodies.
Anti-SCL-70 antibodies - associated with diffuse disease & multiple organ involvement.
ANA+.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lupus?

A

Positive ANA.
Anti-double stranded DNA and anti-Smith antibodies - the presence of either is diagnostic of SLE.
Antiphospholipid antibodies = increased risk of arterial & venous thrombosis.
Pancytopenia: anemia of chronic disease, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia.
Decreased compliment levels (C3, C4).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Anticardiolipin antibodies; lupus anticoagulant = increased PTT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Juvenile (Idiopathic) RA?

A

Clinical, but with increased ESR, CRP; positive ANA if oligoarticular; 15% are RF positive. Still’s is often associated with negative RF and ANA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pelvic Fracture?

A

X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hip dislocation?

A

X-ray of pelvis and hip.

CT scan to further evaluate associated fractures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hip fracture?

A

X-ray.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trochanteric bursitis?

A

Clinical as x-rays are unremarkable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?

A

X-ray- frog leg or lateral (posterior displacement of femoral epiphysis - ICE CREAM fell off the cone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

Early: Increased density of femoral epiphysis, widening of cartilage space.
Advanced: Deformity, + crescent sign (microfractures w/ collapse of bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Femoral Shaft fracture?
X-ray.
26
Tibial and fibular fractures?
X-ray.
27
Popliteal (Baker's) Cyst?
Doppler to r/o DVT and identifies cyst.
28
LCL and MCL?
MRI.
29
ACL PE?
Lachman Test=Most sensitive. Pivot Shift Test. Anterior Drawer Test.
30
ACL?
X-ray to r/o fracture. | MRI.
31
PCL?
MRI.
32
Meniscal tear PE?
Positive McMurray sign = pop/click | Apley test with joint line tenderness, effusion, swelling.
33
Meniscal tear?
MRI.
34
Patellar dislocation?
Apprehension sign: when pushing laterally after reducing. | X-rays.
35
Patellar fracture?
Xrays: Sunrise and cross table lateral views.
36
Tibial plateau fracture?
CT scan for pre surgical planning.
37
Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
Clinical. | X-rays if not classic presentation.
38
How to tell if an ankle is sprained or fractured?
Ottawa Ankle Rules
39
When should you get ankle radiograph?
Pain in malleolar region w/: Bone tenderness at lateral malleolus. Bone tenderness at medial malleolus. Inability to bear weight for at least 4 steps both immediate after injury and at time of evaluation.
40
When should you get a foot radiograph?
Pain in midfoot w/: Bone tenderness at navicular bone. Bone tenderness at base of fifth metatarsal. Inability to bear weight for at least 4 steps both immediate after injury and at time of evaluation.
41
Achilles Tendon Rupture PE?
Positive Thompson test = squeeze the gastrocnemius and if weak or absent plantar flexion, it is a POSITIVE test and indicates tendon rupture.
42
Achilles Tendon Rupture?
X-ray to r/o fracture. | MRI is best test.
43
Maisonneuve Fracture?
X-ray may or may not show fracture or instability since actual bone fracture is well above the ankle. MRI for ligament injuries.
44
Stress/March Fracture?
Clinical as 50% of x-rays are negative in first 2 wks. | If high risk area and refractory: MRI
45
Plantar fasciitis PE?
Pain is reproducible on palpation over the heel pad. Pain increases with dorsiflexion of the toes.
46
Plantar fasciitis?
Clinical.
47
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome PE?
Positive Tinel sign (tapping at posterior medial malleolus reproduces the sx).
48
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?
Clinical w/ Tinel sign. | Electromyography confirmative.
49
Charcot Joint/ Neuropathic arthropathy?
X-rays: Obliteration of joint space, fragmentation of bone, increased bone density, and disorganization of the joint.
50
Morton's Neuroma PE?
Reproducible pain on palpation or squeezing the foot. Check for numbness or paresthesia in the toes or plantar aspect of the web spaces. May have a palpable, painful mass.
51
Morton's Neuroma?
Clinical, but can get a sonogram to confirm.
52
Jones Fracture?
X-ray.
53
Lisfranc Injury?
x-ray -> big space between two metatarsals FLECK sign = fracture at the base of the second metatarsal ligament is PATHOGNOMONIC for disruption of the ligaments.
54
Anterior glenohumeral dislocation PE?
While abduction & external rotation; humeral head is palpable with loss of deltoid contour “squared off”.
55
Anterior glenohumeral dislocation?
Axillary & scapular Y view (helps distinguish anterior from posterior dislocation) x-rays.
56
Posterior glenohumeral dislocation PE?
While adducted and internally rotated, shoulder appears flat with prominent humeral head
57
Posterior glenohumeral dislocation?
Axillary & scapular Y view (helps distinguish anterior from posterior dislocation) x-rays; AP view may show “light bulb” sign.
58
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation/seperation?
X-ray w/ weights to help see displacement.
59
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation/seperation PE?
Step-off (deformity) at AC joint.
60
Adhesive capsulitis PE?
Resistance on passive ROM only on affected side.
61
Rotator Cuff Injury PE?
``` Passive ROM greater than active. Supraspinatus strength test (“empty can” test) = 90% specificity for assessing supraspinatus involvement Impingement tests (positive = pain with) Hawkins Drop arm test Neer test ```
62
Rotator Cuff Injury?
X-ray: nml | MRI: Gold Standard.
63
Humeral Head Fracture?
``` Shoulder radiographs. CT scan (preop planning). ```
64
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome PE?
+ Adson Sign: loss of radial pulse w/ deep breath, head rotated toward affected side.
65
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Confirmative: MRI. | Doppler and EMG/NCV.
66
Olecranon bursitis?
Clinical: Aspiration of bursa if suspected septic bursitis or gout (WBC > 2,000 = septic).
67
Peace sign against resistance?
Ulnar Nerve
68
"Hitchhiker"/ Thumbs up?
Radial Nerve
69
"Power To The People"
Median Nerve
70
OK Sign?
Median Nerve
71
Radial Head Fracture?
Positive posterior or displaced anterior fat pad sign (hemarthrosis) may be the only radiologic evidence.
72
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome PE?
Positive Tinel’s sign at the elbow. | Decreased sensation to the fifth and the ulnar side of the fourth finger.
73
Scaphoid (navicular) fracture?
Radiographs: fracture may NOT be evident for up to 2 weeks. If snuffbox tenderness, treat as a fracture because of the high incidence of avascular necrosis or nonunion (since the blood supply to scaphoid is distal to proximal).
74
Scapholunate Dissociation?
Widened scapholunate spaces > 3mm.
75
Colles Fracture?
Lateral view with dorsally displaced or angulated extraarticular fracture of the distal radius. Lateral view needed to distinguish Colles vs. Smith fracture.
76
Smith Fracture?
Lateral view with ventrally displaced or angulated fracture of the distal radius. Lateral view needed to distinguish Colles vs. Smith fracture.
77
Lunate Dislocation?
AP view: lunate appears triangular “piece of pie” | Lateral view: volar displacement & tilt of the lunate “spilled teacup” sign.
78
Mallet (baseball) Finger?
X-ray: Normal or avulsion fracture of the distal phalanx at the tendon insertion site.
79
De Quervain Syndrome?
Finkelstein test: positive means -> first dorsal compartment pain with ulnar deviation while the thumb is flexed in the palm or pain with thumb extension.
80
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Tinel Test: positive if percussion of the median nerve produces symptoms Phalen test: positive if flexion of both wrists for 30-60 seconds reproduces symptoms.
81
Boxer's Fracture?
X-ray.
82
Radial Head Subluxation?
Clinical. X-rays normal.

CM 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions