MSK/CT Flashcards by Arya Stark

short limbs, big head?

achondroplasia
FGFR3 activation –> chondrocyte proliferation inhibited
85% sporadic; AD inheritance

**failure of endochondral ossification only

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bone changes in osteoporosis?

trabecular (spongy) bone loses mass and interconnections

NORMAL bone mineralizations and lab values

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

dense bones prone to fracture, CN impingement/palsies?

osteopetrosis
mutation –> defective OCs (e.g. carbonic anhydrase II) - can’t generate acid for resorption

- pancytopenia, extramedullary hematopoiesis
- BM txp potentially curative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

increased hat size, hearing loss, high-output heart failure?

Paget’s dz
long bone chalk-stick fx
mosaic pattern of woven and lamellar bone
increased AV shunting –> HF

** increased risk of osteogenic sarcoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

stages of Paget dz?

lytic: OCs
mixed: OBs and OCs
sclerotic: OBs
quiescent: minimal activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causes of avascular necrosis?

alcohol
sickle
steroids
pancreatitis
trauma
Legg-Calves-Perthes
the bends

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lab values in osteoporosis?

NORMAL except for DEXA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lab values in osteopetrosis?

normal or low Ca in very severe/malignant dz

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lab values in Paget dz?

elevated ALP

otherwise normal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lab values in osteomalacia/Rickets?

Ca and Ph decreased

ALP and PTH increased

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lab values in hypervitaminosis D?

Ca and Ph increased
PTH decreased
normal ALP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lab values in 1ary hyperparathyroidism?

increased Ca, decreased Ph

increased ALP and PTH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lab values in 2ary hyperparathyroidism?

decreased Ca, increased Ph

increased ALP and PTH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“brown tumors,” subperiosteal thinning?

osteitis fibrosa cystica

= bony changes 2/2 hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

locally aggressive benign tumor, soap bubble appearance?

giant cell tumor = osteoclastoma
often at knee
epiphyseal end of long bones
20-40 yo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mature bone with cartilaginous cap?

osteochondroma
MC benign tumor
males < 25 yo

Codman triangle or sunburst pattern on XR?

osteosarcoma
metaphysis of long bones, esp knee
bimodal ages: 10-20, >65
tx: surgical en bloc resection and chemotherapy

** predisposing factors: Paget, bone infarct, radiation, retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni

anaplastic small blue cell tumor, onion skinning?

Ewing sarcoma
diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula, ribs
boys < 15yo

** t(11;22) translocation

complications of Sjogrens?

dental caries

MALT lymphoma

why do gout attacks happen after alcohol consumption?

alcohol metabolites compete for same excretion sites as uric acid

rhomboid, weakly birefringent crystals?

pseudogout = calcium pyrophosphate crystals
assoc with hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, OA
tx: NSAIDs, steroids, colchicine (ppx)

dactylitis, pencil-in-cup deformity?

psoriatic arthritis

infections assoc with Reiter?

GI: Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter

Chlamydia

common causes of death in SLE?

CV disease
infections
renal disease

lab findings in anti phospholipid syndrome?

lupus anticoagulant anticardiolipin anti-beta2 glycoprotein ** LAC and anticardiolipin --> false pos VDRL and prolonged PTT

elevated serum ACE and CD4/CD8 ratio?

sarcoidosis B/L adenopathy, coarse reticular opacity, hilar/mediastinal adenopathy widespread NONcaseating granulomas ** hypercalcemia 2/2 increased 1alphahydroxylase --> vit D activation in MACROPHAGES)

tx of fibromyalgia?

regular exercise TCAs/SNRIs anticonvulsants

endomysial inflammation with CD8 cells?

polymyositis

perimysial inflammation with CD4 cells?

dermatomyositis ** increased risk of occult malignancy

heterotopic ossification following injury?

myositis ossificans metaplasia of skeletal mm --> bone after trauma usually UE/LE

MCC of death in scleroderma?

pulmonary sclerosis