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Anatomy > MSK and Spine > Flashcards

MSK and Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 segments of upper limb

A
  • shoulder
  • arm
  • forearm
  • hand
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2
Q

what determines if a bone is a long bone

A
  • upper end
  • lower end
  • shaft
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3
Q

what type of bone is the scapula

A

flat bone

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4
Q

main nerves of the upper limb

A

branches of the brachial plexus
- axillary nerve
- radial nerve
- musculocutaneous nerve
- ulnar nerve
- median nerve

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5
Q

what vertebral level is the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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6
Q

what are the muscles of the scapula

A

origin from scapula
1. rotator cuff:
- subscapularis
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor

  1. teres major
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. coracobrachialis
  4. deltoid

insertion on scapula
1. rhomboids
2. trapezius
3. pectoralis minor
4. serratus anterior
5. levator scapulae

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7
Q

anterior compartment muscle of arm

A

flexor of forearm:
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- brachioradialis

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8
Q

posterior compartment muscle of arm

A

extensors of forearm:
- triceps brachii
- anconeus

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9
Q

nerve innervation for the front compartment of the arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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10
Q

nerve innervation of most part of the forearm

A

median nerve

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11
Q

nerve innervation of the medial side of forearm

A

ulnar nerve

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12
Q

nerve innervation of back of arm

A

radial nerve

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13
Q

nerve supplying flexor digitorium superficialis

A

median nerve

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14
Q

nerve supplying flexor carpi radialis

A

median nerve

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15
Q

nerve supplying pronator teres

A

median nerve

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16
Q

nerve supplying palmaris longus

A

median nerve

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17
Q

nerve supplying flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar nerve

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18
Q

nerve supplying pronator quadratus

A

median nerve

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19
Q

nerve supplying flexor pollicis longus

A

median nerve

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20
Q

nerve supplying flexor digitorium profundus

A

ulnar nerve (medial 1/2)
median nerve (lateral 1/2)

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21
Q

4 superficial muscles of the forearm in the anterior compartment

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

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22
Q

deep muscles of the forearm in the posterior compartment

A

flexor digitorium profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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23
Q

superficial muscles of the forearm in the posterior compartment

A

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor digitorium
extensor carpi ulnaris

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24
Q

deep muscles of the forearm in the posterior compartment

A

supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus + brevis
extensor indicus

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25
Q

nerve supplying all the digiti minimi muscles

A

ulnar nerve

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26
Q

what does the median nerve supply in the intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

thumb
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis

  • lumbricals
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27
Q

what does the ulnar nerve supply in the intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

all digiti mini muscles
thumb: adductor pollicis
palmar + dorsal interossei
lumbricals

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28
Q

which interossei is responsible for the adduction of fingers

A

palmar (P AD)

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29
Q

which interossei is responsible for the abduction of fingers

A

dorsal (D AB)

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30
Q

venous drainage of the superficial muscles of the upper limb

A
  • cephalic
  • basilic
  • median cubital
  • median vein
  • superficial palmar venous arch
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31
Q

venous drainage of the deep muscles of the upper limb

A
  • subclavian
  • axillary
  • brachial
  • radial
  • ulnar
  • deep palmous venous arch
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32
Q

arterial supply of the upper limb

A

subclavian
axillary
brachial
radial
ulnar
superficial and deep palmar arches

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33
Q

joints of the upper limb

A
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • acromioclavicular joint
  • shoulder joint
  • elbow joint - humero-ulnar joint and humeroradial joint
  • wrist joint - radiocarpal joint
  • carpometacarpal joint
  • metacarpophalangeal joint
  • proximal and distal interphalangeal joint
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34
Q

components of joints

A

bones
articular cartilage
synovial cartilage
synovial cavity
synovial fluid
synovial membrane
capsule

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35
Q

bones of the lower limb

A

hip
femur
patella
fibula
tibia
tarsal
metatarsal
phalanges

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36
Q

parts of the hip bone

A

ilium
pubis
ischium

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37
Q

major nerve of the lower limbs

A

from lumbar and sacral plexus:
- femoral nerve (front of thigh)
- obturator nerve (medial)
- sciatic nerve (posterior)
- gluteal nerve (glutes)

sciatic nerve branches into:
- tibial nerve
- common fibular nerve

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38
Q

what are the 3 compartments of the muscle of the thigh

A

anterior
posterior
medial

39
Q

what is included in the anterior compartment of the thigh muscles

A

psoas major
iliacus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius

40
Q

what is included in the posterior compartment of the thigh muscles

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

41
Q

what is included in the medial compartment of the thigh muscle

A

gracilis
pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
obturator externus

42
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve

43
Q

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator nerve

44
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

sciatic nerve

45
Q

3 compartments of the leg

A

anterior
lateral
posterior

46
Q

superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus

47
Q

deep group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorium longus
tibialis posterior

48
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

49
Q

muscles at the back of the leg are what muscles

A

flexors

50
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve (branch of the common fibula nerve)

51
Q

muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorium longus
fibularis tertius

52
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg

A

deep fibular nerve

53
Q

venous drainage of the superficial muscles of the leg

A

short saphenous vein (lateral side of leg) -> popliteal vein

great saphenous vein (medial side of leg) -> femoral vein

54
Q

joints of the lower limb

A

hip joint
knee joint
ankle joint
intertarsal joint

55
Q

ligament of the hip joint

A
  • capsular ligament with synovial membrane
  • acetabular labrum and transverse acetubular ligament
  • ligament of head of femur
  • iliofemoral
  • pubofemoral
  • ischiofemoral ligaments
56
Q

ligaments of the knee joint

A

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
medial and lateral meniscus
medial (tibial) and lateral (fibula) collateral ligaments

57
Q

ligaments of the ankle joints

A

medial ligaments
lateral ligaments

58
Q

what are the 2 midtarsal joints

A

talocalcaneonavicular joint
calcaneocuboid joint

59
Q

structure that joins the vertebral body and transverse process

A

pedicle

60
Q

structure that joins the transverse process with spinous process

A

lamina

61
Q

what is the zygapophyseal joint

A

superior and inferior articular facet joins

62
Q

what does the anterior arch of a vertebrae comprise of

A

vertebral body
anterior 1/3 of the pedicles

63
Q

what does the posterior arch of a vertebrae comprise of

A

posterior 2/3 of the pedicles
lamina
processes

64
Q

what is spina bifida

A

when anterior and posterior arches dont fuse together

65
Q

the joint between C1 and C2

A

atlanto-axial joint = rotation of neck

66
Q

special features of lower cervical vertebrae (C3 to C6)

A

transverse formen
bifid spinous process

67
Q

nerve compression in spine most common in

A

lumbar region

68
Q

characteristics of body of thoracic vertebrae

A
  • progressive increase in mass from T1 to T12
  • heart shaped when viewed superiorly
69
Q

characteristics of pedicles of thoracic vertebrae

A

small diameter

70
Q

characteristics of laminae of thoracic vertebrae

A

vertical, with “roof tile” arrangement

71
Q

characteristics of spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

A

long, overlapping, projected downwards

72
Q

characteristics of intervertebral foramen of thoracic vertebrae

A

less incidence of nerve compression

73
Q

special feature of thoracic vertebrae

A

costal facets for ribs

74
Q

difference between cervical and thoracic vertebrae foramen

A

cervical - triangular
thoracic - circular

75
Q

difference between cervical and thoracic vertebral body

A

cervical - round
thoracic - heart shaped

76
Q

characteristics of body of lumbar vertebrae

A

progressively increase in mass L1 to L5

77
Q

characteristics of pedicles of lumbar vertebrae

A

longer and wider than thoracic
oval shaped

78
Q

characteristics of spinous process of lumbar vertebrae

A

horizontal
square shaped

79
Q

characteristics of transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

A

smaller than thoracic region

80
Q

characteristics of intervertebral foramen of lumbar vertebrae

A

increased incidence of nerve root compression

81
Q

joint between the occiput and C1

A

atlanto-occipital joint = flexion and extension of neck

82
Q

ligaments of the spine

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
interspinous ligament
supraspinous ligament
ligamentum flavum
ligamentum nuchae

83
Q

superficial extrinsic back muscles

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboids

84
Q

intermediate extrinsic back muscles

A

serratus posterior superior and inferior

85
Q

intrinsic (deep) back muscle

A

superficial layer
- splenius cervicis
- splenius capitis

intermediate layer
- iliocostalis
- longissumus
- spinalis

deep layer
- semispinalis
- multifidus
- rotatores

86
Q

nerve innervation of the intrinsic back muscle

A

spinal nerve

87
Q

action of the biceps brachii

A

flexion of forearm at elbow join
supination at proximal radio-ulna joint

88
Q

action of brachioradialis

A

flexion of forearm at elbow joint

89
Q

what does the interossei aid the lumbricals in

A
  • extension of IPJ
  • flexion of MCPJ
90
Q

ligaments of the elbow joint

A

radial collateral ligaments
ulnar collateral ligaments
anular ligament of radius

91
Q

the patella is also known as

A

sesamoid bone

92
Q

what is the structure that is in contact with the chair when a person is seated

A

ischium

93
Q

where does the common fibular nerve and tibial nerve supply

A

common fibular nerve - lateral compartment of leg
tibial nerve - posterior compartment of leg

94
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

iliocostalis
spinalis
longissimus

Anatomy (3 decks)

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