MSK and Rheumatology Flashcards
What is a seropositive disease?
One with detectable antibodies in the blood
Give an example of a seropositive disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is a seronegative disease?
One that does not present with the antibodies in the blood, I.e low levels of RF or anti-ccp
What is a degenerative disease?
A continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs which will increasingly deteriorate over time
Give an example of a degenerative MSK condition
Osteoarthritis, degenerative disc disease
What is an inflammatory disease?
When a stimulus causes the body to initiate an immune response that causes inflammation or the immune system attacks its own tissues resulting in inflammation
Give an example of inflammatory disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, gout
Which immune cells secrete the cytokines involved in osteoarthritis?
Activated neutrophils and macrophages
What cytokines to neutrophils and macrophages release in OA that amplify the inflammatory processes and drive inflammatory cascades?
IL-6 and IL-β and TNF-α
What cell type is there increased levels of in the synovium in OA?
Leukocytes - macrophages, T lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and neutrophils
What is the role of infection in bone and joint disease?
Many infections, including sepsis can cause the bones and joints to be destroyed, become necrotic, lose blood flow, damage synovium etc
What are the risk factors for pathological bone fractures?
Osteoporosis - age, corticosteroids, hormones
Cancer - carcinogens, chemicals,
Osteomalacia - lack of vitamin d or calcium
Osteomyelitis - infection
Pagets disease - genetics
Osteogenesis imperfecta
