MSK ANATOMY Flashcards
what is the role of the superficial gluteal region?
extensors, abductors + medial rotators of thigh
what is the role of the deep gluteal region?
lateral rotators of thigh + hip stabilisers
how do nerves to gluteal region enter the pelvis?
what are they formed by?
the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
sacrotuberous and sacrospinus ligaments
which nevres enter the pelvis via the gluteal region?
- sciatic (L4-S3)
- pudendal (S2-S4)
- posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1-S3)
what are some facts about the sciatic nerve?
- exits inferior to piriformis
- most lateral structure exisitng GSF
- supplies nothign in the gluteal region
what are the borders of the femoral triangle?
S - inguinal ligament M - adductor longus L - sartorius F - iliopsoas and pecrinteus R - deep fascia (fascia lattae)
which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of thigh?
femoral nerve
what is the role of muscles in the medial thigh compartment?
hip adduction
which nerve supplies the medial com of the thigh?
obturator nerve
what are the role of the muscles in teh posterior com of thigh?
extensors of thigh + flexors of leg
which nerve supplies posterior com of thigh?
tibial division of sciatic nerve
what is the role of muscles in the anteiror com of leg?
dorsiflex ankles + extension of toes
which nerve supplied anteiror leg ?
deep fibular nerve
role of muscles in lateral leg
evert foot + weakly plantarflex
which nerve supplies lateral leg?
superficial fibular nerve
which nerve supplies posterior leg
tibial nerve
which ligaments are in the hip joint?
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
what is the blood supplt to head hip joint?
- medial and lateral circumflex arteris
- artery to head of femur
what are the ligaments of the ankle?
the deltoid ligaments
- anterior tibiotalar ligament
- posterior tibiotalar ligament
- tibiocalcaneal ligament
- tibionavicular ligament
what is a maisonneuvre fracture?
separating of the distal tibia and fibular can cause teaing of tibiofibular syndesmosis
- fracture of proximal fibular
what happens during pronation
radius moves over ulnar
what are the elbow ligaments?
lateral collateral (radial) ligament
annular ligament
medial (ulnar) collateral ligament
what innervates levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve
what innervates anteiror arm
musculocutanoeus nerve
what is the role of anterior arm
flexion of arm and forearm
what supplies posterior arm
radial nerve
what is the role of posteiror arm
extension of arm and forearm
what innervates anterior forearm
median nerve apart from flexor carpi ulnaris + medial half of flexor digitorum (ulnar nerve)
what innervates posterior forearm?
radial nerve
what are the muscles of the thenar eminance?
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
what innervates the thenar eminance?
recurrent branch of median nerve
what are the muscles of the hypothenar eminance?
obturator digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
what innervates the hypothenar eminance?
deep branch of ulnar nerve
what are the lumbricals attached to?
tendons of flexor digitorium profundus
what innervates the lumbricals?
medial 2 - ulnar nerve
latearl 2 - median nerve
what do the interossei do?
dorsal - abduction of digits
palmar - adduction of digits
what innervates the interosseoi?
ulnar nevre
where does the axillary nerve pass through?
quadrangular space
how can you rule out axillary nerve dysfunction?
if the subscapular nerve is functioning properly
where does the radial nerve course?
around the radial groove of humerus with profunda brachii artery
what happens if there is radial nerve dysfunction?
wrist drop
where does the median nerve run?
medially in the arm, passes anterior elbow joint
runs within cubital fossa
which nerve innervates flexor pollicis longus?
anteiror interossei nerve
which bones form the pelvic ring?
sacrum
ilium
ischium
pubic bone
what happens in lateral compression fracture of the pelvis?
one half of pelvis is displaced medially eg RTA
what happens in a vertical shear fracture of the pelvis?
one half of pelvis is displaced superiorly eg fall from a height
what is a bankart lesion?
anterior shoulder dislocation causes detachment of glenoid labrum and capsule
what is a hill sachs lesion?
postieor humeral head impacts antieror glenoid, causing impaction fracture of posteior humeral head
characteristicc sign of postrior shoudler dislocation?
light bulb
mechanism of injury in olecranon fractures
fall onto point of elbow + contraction of triceps
night stick
fracture of ulnar shaft
monteggia fracture
fracture of ulnar + dislocation of radial head at elbow
gallezia fracture
fracture of radius + dislocation of ulna at distal radioulnar joint
which nevre can be damaged in colles fracture
median
bartons fracture
intra articular fracture of distal radius, where carpal bones sublux
are intracapsular fractures above or below the trochanteric line?
above
which way does the patellar dislocate?
latearlly
what is a pilon fracutre?
distal tibia fracture
what is a lisfranc fracture?
fracture of the midfoot
fracture of base of 2nd metatarsal with / without dislocation of other metatarsals at the TMJS
descirbe salter harris 1
pure physeal seperation
describe salter harris 2
physeal separation
small metaphyseal fragment
describe salter harris 3 + 4
intra-articualr fracture with splitting at the physis
describe salter harris 5
compression injury to the physis with growth arrest
what is the usual site of salter harris 2 in children?
distal radial physis
what is osbornes facsia?
the tight band of fascia that forms over the roof of the cubital tunnel
which 2 muscle make up the iliosoas
psoas major + iliacus
name the anterior muscles of the thigh (4)
sartorius
iliopsoas
pectineus
quadriceps femoris
which nerve supplies anteior thigh
femoral
name medial thigh muscles (5)
adductor longus, brevis, magnus
obturator externus + gracilus
which nerve goes to media lthigh
obturator
name muscles of the posterior thigh (3)
semimembranosus
semiteninosus
biceps femoris
which nerve + artery goes to posterior thigh
deep femoral artery + tibial nerve
name the muscles of the anteoir leg (4)
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucus longus
fibularis tertius
what is the movement of anterir leg
dorsiflexion
which arteries goes to anteriro leg
deep fibular artery + anterior tibial artery
name the muscles of the latral leg (2)
fibularis brevis + longus
what is the movement of lateral leg muscles
plantarflexion
name the posterior leg muscles (3)
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
where does gastronemius insert to
calcaneal tendon
what is the nerve do posterior leg
tibia nerve + sural arteries
what are the posteiro deep muscles of the leg (4)
popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
which arteries go to deep posteiror leg
tibial artery + posterior tibial artery
nerve and artery to lattismus dors
thoracodorsal nerve + branch of subscapular artery
nerve and artery to levator spaculae
dorsal scapular nerve + artery
nerve to deltoid
axillary
nerve to supraspinatus
suprascapular
nerve to infraspinatus
suprascapular
nerve in subscapularis
subscapular
nerve to teres minor
axillary nerve
