MSK Anatomy Flashcards
What artery becomes the femoral artery after passing under the inguinal ligament?
External iliac artery
What is the joint between the radius and carpal bones called?
Radiocarpal joint
What are the two main functions of the medial and lateral menisci in the knee?
To deepen the tibiofemoral joint and to reduce stress peaks
Which nerve runs through the coracobrachialis muscle and can lead to weakness of elbow flexion when compressed?
Musculocutaneous nerve
The ulnar artery passes through which space at the wrist?
Ulnar canal/Guyon’s canal
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
Lateral border: medial border of the brachioradialis muscle;
Medial border: lateral border of the pronator teres muscle;
Superior border: imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus;
Roof: bicipital aponeurosis, fascia, skin;
Floor: brachialis and supinator muscles
Which ligament runs from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the posteromedial side of the lateral femoral condyle?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?
Tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve
What is the action of pectoralis major when all heads activate together?
Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus
Name the four muscles of the rotator cuff.
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
What structures form the quadrangular space?
Superior: Teres minor;
Inferior: Teres major;
Medial: Long head of triceps brachii;
Lateral: Surgical neck of the humerus
What is the clinical significance of the anatomical snuffbox?
The scaphoid, which lies at the base, is the most commonly fractured carpal bone
Which nerve passes anterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to enter the cubital fossa?
Radial nerve
What vein is typically used for venipuncture in the upper limb?
Median cubital vein
What ligament runs from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium?
Radial collateral ligament
What type of joint is the knee joint and why?
Hinge joint, due to its primary movement in flexion and extension
What structure lies within the carpal tunnel and is often compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
What is the main function of the retinacula in the wrist?
To hold the tendons of the flexor and extensor muscles in place
Which nerve can be damaged in a fracture to the shaft of the humerus?
Radial nerve
What is the role of the tibialis posterior muscle in addition to plantar flexion?
Inversion of the foot
What structure forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Condyloid joint
Where does the tendon of the plantaris muscle join?
Calcaneal tendon
Which artery can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial artery
What is the clinical test for collateral circulation in the hand?
Modified Allen’s test
Which nerve runs through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve
What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Proximal: lateral and medial condyles of femur; Action: plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
What artery supplies blood to the deep structures of the hand?
Deep palmar arch
What nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
Which ligament in the wrist acts to limit excessive radial deviation?
Ulnar collateral ligament
What is the common origin of the hamstring muscles?
Ischial tuberosity
What type of joint is the hip joint and why?
Ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of movement
What structures form the anatomical snuffbox?
Ulnar border: tendon of extensor pollicis longus; Radial border: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis; Floor: scaphoid and trapezium bones
What is the function of the brachioradialis muscle?
Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
What is the most common site of femoral artery palpation?
Mid-inguinal point, halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis
Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
What type of fracture is most common in the distal radius?
Colles’ fracture
Which structures are at risk in an anteroinferior dislocation of the shoulder?
Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?
Initiates abduction of the arm (0-15 degrees)
Which ligament is commonly injured along with the ACL in knee injuries?
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
What artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery
What is the role of the quadriceps tendon?
Connects the quadriceps muscles to the patella, aiding in knee extension
What muscle is the primary extensor of the forearm?
Triceps brachii
What nerve is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
Which artery runs with the deep fibular nerve in the leg?
Anterior tibial artery
What is the main function of the deltoid muscle?
Abduction of the arm (15-90 degrees)
What structures form the femoral triangle?
Borders: Inguinal ligament (superior), sartorius (lateral), adductor longus (medial); Contents: Femoral nerve, artery, and vein
What is the anatomical landmark for the brachial artery pulse?
Medial to the biceps brachii tendon at the elbow
Which ligament runs from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula?
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)
What is the function of the popliteus muscle?
Unlocks the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during initial phase of flexion
Which artery is commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafts?
Great saphenous vein
What is the common clinical test for an ACL tear?
Lachman test
What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?
Roof: flexor retinaculum; Floor: carpal bones
What is the role of the anterior tibial artery?
Supplies blood to the anterior compartment of the leg
Which nerve runs between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle?
Median nerve
