MSK Anatomy

Question 1

What is bone?

Answer 1

Bone is fundamentally the calcified,living and connective tissue that forms the majority of the human skeleton.

Question 2

List the different functions of the bone

Answer 2

-supportive structures for the body
-protector of vital organs
- reservoir of calcium and phosphorus
-levers of which muscles act to produce movement
-containers for blood producing cells

Question 3

What are the 2 major types of bone?

Answer 3

COMPACT BONE = this is dense bone that forms the outer shell of the bones and surrounds the spongy bone, almost as a protectant.

SPONGY BONE= consists of spicules of bone enclosing cavities containing blood forming cells (marrow )

Question 4

How can bones be classified ?

Answer 4

-long
-short
-flat
-irregular

Question 5

What is cortical bone?

Answer 5

This is densely organised along lines of force in circumferential layers (Haversian systems)

Question 6

Haversian systems are what?

Answer 6

They are organised along lines of forces to withstand higher weight bearing forces with some areas of density where muscle attachments concentrate forces

Question 7

What are spongy cancellous bone?

Answer 7

This is not as resilient as Haversian systems found in cortical bone,but it is the primary component of flat bone such as the pelvis, sternum, vertebral structures etc

Question 8

What are the functions of flats bone?

Answer 8

It is to protect organs
Provide attachments
To absorb shock

Question 9

The Skelton can be split into 2 sections _______________

Answer 9

1. Axial skeleton, this contains the bones of the skull, cranium, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
2. Appendicular skeleton, this is the bones of the upper and lower limbs

Question 10

How many ribs are there?

Answer 10

12 pairs of ribs
-7 true (attached to the sternum by cartilage called costal cartilage)
-3 false (costal cartilage is connected to the cartilage above them)
-2 floating (cartilage ends in the muscle in the abdominal wall)

Question 11

The sternum consists of the following ___________

Answer 11

-head
-body
-xiphoid process ( this is the smallest part of the sternum also known as the breastbone)

Question 12

What are the three types of joints found in the body?

Answer 12

1.fibrous , these are 2 bones that are united by fibrous tissue , they’re immovable

2.cartilaginous, limited movement

3. Synovial