Corticosteroids Flashcards
Some endocrine glands are not controlled by the pituitary what glands are controlled by what?
Parathyroid gland =regulated by the calcium concentration
What two hormones are synthesised in the hypothalamus?
-oxytocin
-anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
Where are the two hormones produced by the hypothalamus transported to?
Posterior pituitary for storage
The release of the hormones from the posterior pituitary is controlled by nerve signals that start in the hypothalamus and terminate in the posterior pituitary
What happens when the hormones are released from the interior pituitary?
This is controlled by hormones called hypothalamic releasing hormones or hypothalamic inhibitory hormones
What controls the pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus
Where is the pituitary gland located?
In the base of the brain
-protected by a bony structure called the sella Turcica
The sella turcica is ________
The bony structure that’s protects the pituitary gland
What is located above the pituitary gland that carries visual information to the brain for interpretation?
Optic chiasm
What are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland?
Anterior lobe
And
Posterior lobe
What is the action of growth hormone in the pituitary gland?
Stimulates increase in size of muscle and bones
What is the job of luteinizing hormone in the pituitary gland ?
Females= stimulates ovulation and oestrogen production
Males= Stimulates testosterone production
What is the function of prolactin in the pituitary gland?
To produce and stimulate milk production
What does TSH do and what is its function?
Stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones
What is follicle stimulating hormone do?
Females= stimulates oestrogen and maturation of the ova
Males= stimulates sperm production
What does adrenocorticotropic do acth ?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones
What is Addison’s disease ?
This is when the gland above the kidneys does not produce enough hormones
What is essential for life?
-fluid and electrolyte balance
-metabolism
What is Cushing syndrome?
This is having too much hormone called cortisol in your body
What is the adrenal gland consisted of?
-outer cortex with 3 zones
-reticularis, fasculata, glomerulosa producing steriods
Inner medulla (middle) that synthesises stores and secretes catecholamines
What are catecholamines?
This is a group of aromatic amines that includes a number of neurotransmitters including adrenaline and dopamine
What does the zona glomeruluas do?
This produces mineralocorticoids these are steroids that effect the electrolyte decomposition of the body fluid.
E.g. aldosterone
When is renin activity increased?
-hypovalemia
-renal artial stenosis
-
What are the groups of steroids and give examples ?
Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol
Mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone
Sex hormones e.g. progesterone
What is adrenocorticotropic hormone and what is the main functions of it? (ACTH)
This a hormones that is made by the pituitary gland, it controls the production of cortisol, this is made by the adrenal glands tow small glands that are located on top of the kidneys, the cortisol plays an important role in:
- responding to stress
-fight infections
-regulate blood sugar
-maintain blood pressure
-regulates metabolism the process of how your body uses food and energy.
