Corticosteroids

Question 1

Some endocrine glands are not controlled by the pituitary what glands are controlled by what?

Answer 1

Parathyroid gland =regulated by the calcium concentration

Question 2

What two hormones are synthesised in the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

-oxytocin
-anti diuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Where are the two hormones produced by the hypothalamus transported to?

Answer 3

Posterior pituitary for storage
The release of the hormones from the posterior pituitary is controlled by nerve signals that start in the hypothalamus and terminate in the posterior pituitary

Question 4

What happens when the hormones are released from the interior pituitary?

Answer 4

This is controlled by hormones called hypothalamic releasing hormones or hypothalamic inhibitory hormones

Question 5

What controls the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

The hypothalamus

Question 6

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 6

In the base of the brain
-protected by a bony structure called the sella Turcica

Question 7

The sella turcica is ________

Answer 7

The bony structure that’s protects the pituitary gland

Question 8

What is located above the pituitary gland that carries visual information to the brain for interpretation?

Answer 8

Optic chiasm

Question 9

What are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland?

Answer 9

Anterior lobe

And

Posterior lobe

Question 10

What is the action of growth hormone in the pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Stimulates increase in size of muscle and bones

Question 11

What is the job of luteinizing hormone in the pituitary gland ?

Answer 11

Females= stimulates ovulation and oestrogen production

Males= Stimulates testosterone production

Question 12

What is the function of prolactin in the pituitary gland?

Answer 12

To produce and stimulate milk production

Question 13

What does TSH do and what is its function?

Answer 13

Stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones

Question 14

What is follicle stimulating hormone do?

Answer 14

Females= stimulates oestrogen and maturation of the ova

Males= stimulates sperm production

Question 15

What does adrenocorticotropic do acth ?

Answer 15

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones

Question 16

What is Addison’s disease ?

Answer 16

This is when the gland above the kidneys does not produce enough hormones

Question 17

What is essential for life?

Answer 17

-fluid and electrolyte balance
-metabolism

Question 18

What is Cushing syndrome?

Answer 18

This is having too much hormone called cortisol in your body

Question 19

What is the adrenal gland consisted of?

Answer 19

-outer cortex with 3 zones
-reticularis, fasculata, glomerulosa producing steriods

Inner medulla (middle) that synthesises stores and secretes catecholamines

Question 20

What are catecholamines?

Answer 20

This is a group of aromatic amines that includes a number of neurotransmitters including adrenaline and dopamine

Question 21

What does the zona glomeruluas do?

Answer 21

This produces mineralocorticoids these are steroids that effect the electrolyte decomposition of the body fluid.
E.g. aldosterone

Question 22

When is renin activity increased?

Answer 22

-hypovalemia
-renal artial stenosis
-

Question 23

What are the groups of steroids and give examples ?

Answer 23

Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol

Mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone

Sex hormones e.g. progesterone

Question 24

What is adrenocorticotropic hormone and what is the main functions of it? (ACTH)

Answer 24

This a hormones that is made by the pituitary gland, it controls the production of cortisol, this is made by the adrenal glands tow small glands that are located on top of the kidneys, the cortisol plays an important role in:

• responding to stress
  -fight infections
  -regulate blood sugar
  -maintain blood pressure
  -regulates metabolism the process of how your body uses food and energy.