msk

Question 1

hyaline cartilage =

Answer 1

aka articular cartialage

covers bone surface

Question 2

paresis

Answer 2

muscle weakness due to nerve damage

Question 3

are back x rays useful

Answer 3

not really
only for tumours/ discitis
not so much arthritis stuff

Question 4

short term pain on exersion?

Answer 4

analgesia and continue

- likely just mechanical pain

Question 5

when does a lytic tumour show on a x ray?-

so?

Answer 5

when 60% bone density is lost
so tumour may be present before you can see on xray

MRI more sensitive so will see sooner

Question 6

periarticular

Answer 6

situated/occurring around a joint

eg periarticular sclerosis in OA

Question 7

subchondral

Answer 7

the layer of bone just below the cartilage

eg this is where you get sclerosis and cysts in OA

Question 8

osteophytes

seen in what

Answer 8

bony projections associated with degeneration of cartilage at joints /spine
OA

Question 9

opposite of erosion in bone terms

Answer 9

sclerosis

Question 10

knock-kneed vs bowed

Answer 10

bowed = varus

knock kneed = valgus

Question 11

crepitus=

eg

Answer 11

crepitations
- grating /cracking/rattling sound/sensation between bone and cartilage in joint

OA

Question 12

Tophaceous

Answer 12

around the joint

long term gout= tophaceous gout

Question 13

bursitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the fluid sacs that cushion joints

• elbow swelling
• could also be knees, ankles, shoulder

Question 14

methotrexate is what kind of drug

Answer 14

DMARD

Question 15

types of joint

Answer 15

ball in socket
hinge
pivot
saddle
flat
maybe more idk

Question 16

is fibromyalgia inflam?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

is spondyloarthritis inflam?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

RA distribution- where is spared

Answer 18

DIP

Question 19

alendronic acid is what kind of drug

Answer 19

bisphosphonate

Question 20

reiter’s triad

-
- caused by?

Answer 20

cant see (conjunctivitis)
cant pee (urethritis)
cant climb a tree (arthritis)
this is == reactive arthritis

STI

Question 21

carpals tunnel

• compression of what
• caused by what

Answer 21

compression on median nerve

repetitive motion eg painter decorator

Question 22

sequestrum

Answer 22

piece of dead bone in diseased bone (osteomyelitis)

Question 23

involucrum

Answer 23

new bone formed around existing bone (dead bone, in osteomyelitis)

Question 24

debridement

Answer 24

removal of dead/ damaged / foregin objects

= athroscopic lavage

Question 25

steroid sick day rules

Answer 25

if on steroids , double when you get a temporary illness/infection -- replicating what the body would normally do

Question 26

HLA DQ2/8

Answer 26

Coeliac | 2 more common that 8

Question 27

coealiac gene

Answer 27

HLA DQ2 | HLA DQ8

Question 28

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 28

HLAB27

Question 29

HLA B27

Answer 29

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 30

SLE gene

Answer 30

HLA DR2

Question 31

HLA BR2 - associated condition

Answer 31

SLE

Question 32

HLA DR3

Answer 32

T1DM

Question 33

T1DM - associated gene

Answer 33

HLA DR3

Question 34

syndesmophyte

Answer 34

a bony growth originiatin inside a ligament, commonly seen in the ligaments of the spine

Question 35

enthesitis

Answer 35

inflammation of entheses, where tendons/ligmanets join to bone heel

Question 36

which pathology has charachteristicly symmetrical joint pain

Answer 36

RA | and RA-like reactive arthritis

Question 37

are crystal arthropathies inflam?

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

is OA inflam?

Answer 38

no

Question 39

what is the difference between the presentation of a joint that has inflam/non inflam cause

Answer 39

``` inflam = Swollen (tumor) Red (rubor) Warm (callor) Painful (dolor) Stiff ``` ``` non inflam = still painful swollen but NOT red / hot ```

Question 40

typically, what is the age presentation of a inflam/non-inflam patient

Answer 40

inflam -- young (family history) non-inflam == old, (related to sport/occupation/wear+tear))

Question 41

how to distinguish RA and OA by pattern of joints affected (typically)

Answer 41

RA - symmetrical, polyarthritis OA - unilateral , one-set of joints

Question 42

would you see systemic illness (eg fatigue) in OA or RA

Answer 42

RA

Question 43

what are the x ray differences between RA and OA

Answer 43

``` RA = LESS Loss of joint space Erosion (peri-articular) Soft tissue swelling Soft bones - osteopenia ``` ``` OA - LOSS Loss of joint space Osteophytes (bony growths) Subchondral sclerosis Subchondral cysts ```

Question 44

what does bone pain (rather than joint pain) indicate

Answer 44

tumour infection fracture

Question 45

synovial membrane lines what?

Answer 45

fibrous capsule

Question 46

weber classification of joints

Answer 46

syndesmosis = immovable joint where bones are joined together A- below syndesmosis B - at point of syndesmosis C - above syndesmosis

Question 47

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 47

``` SITS supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis ```

Question 48

total vs hemi joint replacement - material - pro of each

Answer 48

total = metal+metal last longer hemi = bone + metal less long - but less sternous surgery for patient

Question 49

complications of fractures

Answer 49

LOCAL surrounding damage - nerves, organs, vasculature compartment syndrome - increased pressure effects nerves, vessels infection/contamination- open wound/surgery ``` SYSTEMIC fat embolism (eg PE) ``` shock immobility (clot - stroke PE etc) delayed union/ non union/ mal union

Question 50

how long before it counts as non-union

Answer 50

6months | no healing