msk Flashcards
hyaline cartilage =
aka articular cartialage
covers bone surface
paresis
muscle weakness due to nerve damage
are back x rays useful
not really
only for tumours/ discitis
not so much arthritis stuff
short term pain on exersion?
analgesia and continue
- likely just mechanical pain
when does a lytic tumour show on a x ray?-
so?
when 60% bone density is lost
so tumour may be present before you can see on xray
MRI more sensitive so will see sooner
periarticular
situated/occurring around a joint
eg periarticular sclerosis in OA
subchondral
the layer of bone just below the cartilage
eg this is where you get sclerosis and cysts in OA
osteophytes
seen in what
bony projections associated with degeneration of cartilage at joints /spine
OA
opposite of erosion in bone terms
sclerosis
knock-kneed vs bowed
bowed = varus
knock kneed = valgus
crepitus=
eg
crepitations
- grating /cracking/rattling sound/sensation between bone and cartilage in joint
OA
Tophaceous
around the joint
long term gout= tophaceous gout
bursitis
inflammation of the fluid sacs that cushion joints
- elbow swelling
- could also be knees, ankles, shoulder
methotrexate is what kind of drug
DMARD
types of joint
ball in socket hinge pivot saddle flat maybe more idk
is fibromyalgia inflam?
no
is spondyloarthritis inflam?
yes
RA distribution- where is spared
DIP
alendronic acid is what kind of drug
bisphosphonate
reiter’s triad
-
- caused by?
cant see (conjunctivitis)
cant pee (urethritis)
cant climb a tree (arthritis)
this is == reactive arthritis
STI
carpals tunnel
- compression of what
- caused by what
compression on median nerve
repetitive motion eg painter decorator
sequestrum
piece of dead bone in diseased bone (osteomyelitis)
involucrum
new bone formed around existing bone (dead bone, in osteomyelitis)
debridement
removal of dead/ damaged / foregin objects
= athroscopic lavage
steroid sick day rules
if on steroids , double when you get a temporary illness/infection – replicating what the body would normally do
HLA DQ2/8
Coeliac
2 more common that 8
coealiac gene
HLA DQ2
HLA DQ8
ankylosing spondylitis
HLAB27
HLA B27
ankylosing spondylitis
SLE gene
HLA DR2
HLA BR2 - associated condition
SLE
HLA DR3
T1DM
T1DM - associated gene
HLA DR3
syndesmophyte
a bony growth originiatin inside a ligament, commonly seen in the ligaments of the spine
enthesitis
inflammation of entheses, where tendons/ligmanets join to bone
heel
which pathology has charachteristicly symmetrical joint pain
RA
and RA-like reactive arthritis
are crystal arthropathies inflam?
yes
is OA inflam?
no
what is the difference between the presentation of a joint that has inflam/non inflam cause
inflam = Swollen (tumor) Red (rubor) Warm (callor) Painful (dolor) Stiff
non inflam = still painful swollen but NOT red / hot
typically, what is the age presentation of a inflam/non-inflam patient
inflam – young (family history)
non-inflam == old, (related to sport/occupation/wear+tear))
how to distinguish RA and OA by pattern of joints affected (typically)
RA - symmetrical, polyarthritis
OA - unilateral , one-set of joints
would you see systemic illness (eg fatigue) in OA or RA
RA
what are the x ray differences between RA and OA
RA = LESS Loss of joint space Erosion (peri-articular) Soft tissue swelling Soft bones - osteopenia
OA - LOSS Loss of joint space Osteophytes (bony growths) Subchondral sclerosis Subchondral cysts
what does bone pain (rather than joint pain) indicate
tumour
infection
fracture
synovial membrane lines what?
fibrous capsule
weber classification of joints
syndesmosis = immovable joint where bones are joined together
A- below syndesmosis
B - at point of syndesmosis
C - above syndesmosis
rotator cuff muscles
SITS supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
total vs hemi joint replacement
- material
- pro of each
total = metal+metal
last longer
hemi = bone + metal
less long - but less sternous surgery for patient
complications of fractures
LOCAL
surrounding damage - nerves, organs, vasculature
compartment syndrome - increased pressure effects nerves, vessels
infection/contamination- open wound/surgery
SYSTEMIC fat embolism (eg PE)
shock
immobility (clot - stroke PE etc)
delayed union/ non union/ mal union
how long before it counts as non-union
6months
no healing
