Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q 
JIA 
Overview 
Features 
Investigations 
Management 
Complications
A

any arthritis in <16 for >3m is JIA
Occurs at any age
More common in girls

Poly = >4 joints involved 
systemic = FLAAAP features

Gelling - stiff after periods of rest eg in the car
Cannot walk up the stairs

Features 
Fever
Lymphadenopathy 
Anterior uveitis 
Anorexia 
Arthritis 
Pink rash - salmon 
Investigations 
Blood 
- FBC 
- anaemia of chronic disease 
- Ferritin ^ 
- ESR ^ 
- WCC ^ 
- ANA +ve 
- Rh can be -ve

Albumin - decreased
LFT ^

Management

  • NSAIDS - naproxen
  • Steroids
  • Methotrexate
  • Tocilizumab
  • Anakinra
Complications 
Chronic anterior uveitis 
Osteoporosis 
Anaemia of chronic disease
Growth failure 
Valgus deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

type I collagen deficiency COL1A1 + COL2A2
Autosomal Dominant inheritance

Types 
I mild 
II lethal 
III sever 
IV moderate 
Features 
∆ face 
dental deformities 
blue sclera 
otosclerosis --> deafness 
Scoliosis 
Frequent fractures 
Hernia
Valve prolapse 
Investigations 
DEXA/ skeletal survey (bc u suspect NAI) 
USS - pre-natal scans 
Biopsy - bone and skin 
ALP ^ 
Management 
Bisphosphonates 
Synthetic calcitonin 
Physio 
Pain management

Complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DDH

RF
Presentation
Investigations
Management

A 
Shallow acetablum 
RF 
Female
First born
Fam Hx
Breech - big dog - USS @6w if >36w 
Birth weight >5kg
C section

Presents - neonates - at 8 week check or newborn check

Presentation

  • Asymmetrical skin folds
  • Unequal leg length
  • Limited abduction

Investigations

  • USS
  • Bartlows + ortolani

Management
60% spont resolve in 3-6w
Pavlik cast <4/5 months
Surgical correction if older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Kocher criteria

A

ESR >40 in 1st hr
Temp >38
WCC >12
Unable to weight bear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Septic arthritis 
Who 
Cause 
Presentation 
Investigations 
Management 
Complications
A

unwell child unable to weight bear - pain at rest - <2
ACUTE

STAPH AUREUS

Presentation
Fever + hot swollen joint
Unable to weight bear, pain at rest
Hip flexed, abducted, externally rotated

Investigation (remember kocher criteria)
ES, WCC^ 
Temp ^
USS = fluid in joint 
XR - widening of the joint space
BLOOD CULTURES  - staph A
? joint aspiration - can also be management

Management

  • Fluclox
  • Joint aspiration

Complications
joint destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transient synovitis

A

CAN FOLLOW A RESP INFECTION

Who - 3-10

Acute

Presentation

  • Pain on movement, not on rest
  • Limited internal rotation
  • Can have a mild fever

Investigations - kocher criteria
USS - fluid in joint
XR - normal

Management
Bed rest
Analgesia

complications
- 3% perthe’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Perthe’s disease

A

Who - boys 4-10

RF 
Low socioeconomic status 
SHORT STATURE 
Passive smoking 
Low birth weight

AVN of the femoral head

Presentation - chronic
Hip and KNEE pain
Limited all ROM
Roll test —> guarding and spasm

Investigations - XR
- Flattening and fragmentation of the epiphysis  
- Sclerosis 
- Widening of the joint space 
MRI 
Bone scan

Management
<6 - bed rest and traction
>6 - surgery

Complications
growth deformity
stunted growth
Premature fusion of the growth plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NAI pointers

A

Delayed presentation
injury does not fit the Hx
Injury in a non ambulatory child eg cerebral palsy

Fractures - skull and ribs
Bruises/ markings
- cheeks, forearms, face, buttocks

Meaphyseal corner
torn frenulum
sub-dural
retinal haemorrahges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SCFE

A 
adolescent male 12-15 
short and fat or tall and thin 
associated 
hypothyroid 
hypogonadism 
afrocaribbean

presentation - chronic
GROIN and hip (and knee) pain
Limited internal rotation and abduction
hip flexion –> external rotation

Investigations
- XR - postero-inferior displacement
joint widening

Management
Surgical pinning to avoid AVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rickets

A

Insufficient calcification of the growth plate

Cause 
Lack of vitamin D/ calcium 
Sunlight 
Food - oily fish and eggs 
also lack of calcium 
- lack of absoption GI - eg crohns 
- Renal disease 
- Liver disease

Presentation

  • Bowed legs
  • Painful legs
  • Frequent fractures
  • hypotonia + motor delay
  • Hypocalcaemia (tetany and arrhythmias)
Investigations 
- 25 OH-D - decreased
- Ca decreased 
- PTH - increased 
- Phosphate - decreased 
- ALP ^ 
DEXA

Management

  • synthetic vitamin D supplement
  • physio + pain management
  • Rx underlying cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

types of bone neoplasm

A

ewings sarcoma
chondrosarcoma
osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chondromalacia

A

aldolescent female

pain walking up stairs
pain standing from sitting

softening of articular cartilage

management
physio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

osgood schlatters

A

adolescent athlete

tibilal tuberosity inflammation

pain on movement - running and jumping - better on rest

management
physio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Staph A
Strep
Hib

features
fever
painful joint

investigations
XR- soft tissue swelling
Blood cultures

Management
6w IV cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly

Paeds (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions