Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
CAH
Aetiology
Presentation
Investigations
Management
A
Aetiology autosomal recessive deficiency in 21 hydroxylase (95%) 11 beta hydroxylase (5%)
Presentation Aldosterone - low HypoNa HyperK Hypotension
Cortisol
- hypoglycaemia
- ACTH^
Androgens - Males - NA - Females Virilisation - Clitoral hypertrophy - subfertility - precocious puberty
Investigations Bloods - see above 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone ^ USS adrenals metabolic acidosis
Management Replace aldosterone - Fludrocortisone replace cortisol - hydrocortisone
2
Q
Congenital hypothyroidism Aetiology Presentation Investigations Management Complications
A
Aetiology Primary - Thyroid dysgenesis - thyroid dyshormonogenesis - AR Secondary - Iodine deficiency
Presentation Jaundice Hypotonia Hyperthermia Distended abdomen Umbilical hernia Large head circumference Macroglossia Myxoedema
Investigations
TSH high
T4 low
Heel prick test
Management
- Levothyroxine 10micg/kg/day
Complications Delayed puberty Short stature Developmental delay Intellectual impairment (cretinism)
3
Q
DKA Precipitants Presentation Investigations Management Complications
A
Precipitants
illness
missed insulin
Presentation abdo pain V+D polydypsia/urea collapse kussmal breathing
Investigations
hyperglycaemia
hypokalaemia
metabolic acidosis with anion gap
Management ABC Fluids - 10ml/kg bolus Correction - same as usual Maintenance 4ml/kg <10kg 2ml/kg 10-40kg 1ml/kg >40kg Can give insulin after 1hr Monitor K carefully Can give dextrose once glucose is <14
Complications Cerebral oedema - must monitor for this! AKI ARDS VTE Arrhythmia
