Infectious disease Flashcards
Measles Aetiology Presentation Investigations Management Complications
paramyxovirus
Presentation CCCK - F, R Prodrome of: Cough Coryzal symptoms Conjunctivitis Koplik spots --> then followed by: Fever Rash - morbiliform - starts behind the ears then down to rest of body
Investigations
IgM in saliva for measles
Management Notify PHE Supportive/ NSAIDS Ribavrin if iimunocompromised Infective until 4 days post rash Offer MMR in 72hrs if someone has come into contact with measles + is not vaccinated
Complications Encephalitis 2 weeks later Giant cell pneunomia otitis media Ketoconjunctivitis/ corneal ulceration SSP - 5-10 years later myocardtiis Hemiplegia
Mumps Aetiology Presentation Investigations Management Complications
paramyxovirus
Presentation
Fever
Hearing loss - transient and unilateral
Parotiditis - pain when chewing and talking
Investigations
- ^ plasma amylase
- IgM
Management
- Notify PHE
- Supportive/ NSAIDS
Infective from 5 days post parotiditis starts
Complications
1) Deafness
2) Orchitis –> subfertility
3) Meningitis
Rubella Aetiology Presentation Investigations Management Complications
Aetiology
Togavirus
Presentation Fever Rash - face --> then body Lymphadenopathy - Sub occipital - Post auricular
Investigations
Serology PCR
Management
Supportive
Notify PHE
Complications MATE Myocarditis Arthritis Thrombocytopenia Encephalitis
Maternal Cataracts Developmental delay heart defects deafness
Infective from 4 days post rash onset
Scarlet Fever
Aetiology Presentation Investigation Management Complications
Aetiology
Strep pyogenes
Presentation
Strep throat symptoms
Fever (24-48hrs) / malaise/ N+V
Goosebump/sandpaper rash
(trunk and flexures)
Facial flushing
Strawberry tongue
Investigation
Throat swab
FBC - polymorphonuclear lymphocytosis
Management
Penicillin V for 10 days - start immediately
Notify PHE
School exclusion for 24hrs after abx commence
Complications Otitis media Rheumatic fever PSGN Meningitis etc
Roseola infantum Aetiology Presentation Investigations Management Complications
Aetiology
Human herpes 6 (6th disease)
Presentation
Fever –> fever subsides –> rash (neck and trunk) (morbiliform)
Febrile convulsions
Diarrhoea + cough
Investigations
Management
Supportive
Complications
Febrile convulsions (most common 10-15%)
aseptic meningitis
School exclusion - none
Slapped cheek syndrome
Aetiology
Presentation
Complications
Aetiology
Parvovirus B19
Presentation
Fever/ sore throat - fever subsides then 10 days later –>
Rash - face (and extensor surfaces) - spares nose
Joint pain/ stiffness
Complications
aplastic anaemia
hydrops foetalis in utero
Scalded skin syndrome
Nikolsky sign - epidermis separates on pressure
Crusting around eyes, nose and mouth
Staph A
Fluclox and hospitalise
Impetigo
Staph A
Honey crusted lesions
Erythematous macules on face
Rx
Murpirocin
Fluclox
EBV
Cough, sore throat, myalgia Splenomegaly (avoid contact sports --> rupture) Investigations Mono spot test Atypical lymphocytes Management Self limiting Corticosteroids
VZV Presentation Management Complications Immunocompromised
Papules –> vesicles –> pustules –> crust
Itchy rash all over
Management
Supportive
Complications secondary bacterial infection encephalitis Purpura fulminans (vasculitis in subcutaneous tissue) Pneumonia
Immunocompromised
Pneumonia
DIC
Give acyclovir
Pregnant women - give varicella IgG
Exclude until 5 days after lesions first appeared
Do not give NSAIDS as can –> necrosis
Hand foot and mouth
Cocksackie A16
painful lesions on hands and feet, painful ulcers on mouth
Reye syndrome
Aspirin use in <16
Encephalopathy +
Fatty infiltration of liver, kidneys and pancreas
Complications rubella
MATE Myocarditis Arthritis Thrombocytopenia Encephalitis
Maternal
Hearing
Heart
Cataracts
Rubella when can they go back
4 days post rash onset
Complications of scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
PSGN
Otitis media
Meningitis
