Msk Flashcards
Gluteus maximus
Innervation= inferior gluteal nerve Actions= extends thigh and assists with lateral rotation Attachments= gluteal surface of sacrum, ilium and coccyx, inserts into iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Muscles in gluteal region- superficial
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia lata
Muscles in the gluteal region- deep
Piriformis Superior gemelli Inferior gemelli Obturator internus Quaratus femoris
Muscles in anterior thigh
Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedialis Rectus femoris Gracilis Illiopsoas Sartorius Pectineus
Muscles in medial compartment of thigh
Obturator externus Adductor Magnus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Gracilis
Muscles in posterior compartment of the thigh
Biceps femoris
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Muscles in anterior compartment of leg
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus (Tom, Dick and a very nervous Harry) Fibularis tertius- arises from extensor digitorum longus
Muscles in lateral compartment of leg
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
(Posterior to lateral malleolus)
Muscles in posterior compartment to leg
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Foot muscles
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevusabductor digiti minimi Quadratus planate Lumbricalsflexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei
Muscles of the pectoral regions
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior
Muscles of thee extrinsic shoulder
Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor
Muscles of the intrinsic shoulder
Teres major Deltoid Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
Arm muscles
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Muscles in anterior forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Flexor digitorum, superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollucis longus
Pronator quaratus
Muscles in posterior forearm- superficial
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Aconeus
Muscles of posterior forearm- deep
Supinator Abductor pollucis longus Extensor pollucis brevis Extensor pollucis longus Extensor indicis proprius
Muscles of the hand
Thenar muscles
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Hypothenar muscles
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Lumbricals
Dorsal and palmar interossei
Palmaris brevis
Adductor pollicis
Gluteus medius
Action= abducts and medially rotates the lower limb Innervation= superior gluteal nerve Attachments= origin- ilium and insertion- anterior side of greater trochanter
Gluteus minimus
Innervation= superior gluteal nerve
Actions=abducts and medially rotates the limb
Attachments= ilium to greater trochanter
Tensor fascia lata
Action= abduction and medially rotation of lower limb Innervation= superior gluteal nerve Attachments= anterior iliac crest to ilititibial tract- inserts into lateral tibial condyle
Piriformis
Action=lateral rotation and abduction
Innervation= nerve to piriformis
Attachments=anterior surface of sacrum to greater sciatic foramen and into greater trochanter of femur
Obturator internus
Actions= lateral rotation and abduction Innervation= nerve to obturator internus Attachments= originates from pubis and ischium at obturator foramen, travels through less sciatic foramen and attaches to greater trochanter of femur
Superior Gemelli
Action= lateral rotation and abduction Innervation= nerve to obturator inetrnus Attachments= ischial spine to greater trochanter
Inferior gemelli
Action= lateral rotation and abduction Innervation= nerve to quaratus femoris Attachments= ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter
Quadratus femoris
Actions= lateral rotation Innervation= nerve to quadratus femoris Attachments= lateral side of ischial tuberosity and attaches to quadrate tuberosity of intertrochanetric crest
Nerves in superficial gluteal region
Inferior (glut max) and superior (rest) gluteal nerves
Actions of superior gluteal region
Glut max= extensor of thigh and medial rotation
Rest= abduction and medial rotation
Innervation of deep gluteal region
Nerve to piriformis= piriformis
Nerve to quadratus femoris= quaratus femoris and inferior gemellus
Nerve to obturator internus= superior gemelli and obturator internus
Actions of deep gluteal region
All except quadratus femoris= lateral rotation and abduction
Quadratus femoris= lateral rotation
Illiacus
Innervation= femoral nerve Action= flexes hip and assists in lateral rotation Attachments= iliac fossa of pelvis to lesser trochanter of femur
Psoas major
Innervation= anterior rami of l1-3 Actions= flexes hip and assists in lateral rotation Attachments= lumbar vertebrae to lesser trochanter of humerus
Vastus lateralis
Innervation= femoral nerve
Action= extends the knee and stabilises the patella
Attachments=greater trochanter and linea aspera to patella ligament
Vastus intermedialis
Innervation= femoral nerve Actions= extends knee and stabilises patella Attachments= anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft to patellar ligament
Vastus medialis
Innervation= femoral nerve Actions= extends knee and stabilises patella Attachments= intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera to patellar ligament
Rectus femoris
Innervation= femoral nerve
Actions=flexes hip and extends knee
Attachments= ilium- superior to acetabulum and attaches to patella by patellar ligament
Sartorius
Innervation= femoral nerve
Actions=flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip and flexes knee
Attachments= superior iliac spine to superior medial surface of tibia
Pectineus
Innervation= femoral nerve Actions= adduction and flexion at hip Attachments= pectineal line on pelvis and attaches to pectineal line of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter
Innervation of anterior thigh
Femoral nerve- except pextineus which may have some help from obturator nerve
Action of quadriceps femoris
Quadriceps- extends knee and stabilises patella - except rectus femoris which also flexes hip
Adductor Magnus
Innervation= adductor part= L2-4 hamstring part=L4-S3 Actions= adducts, flexes and extends thigh Attachments= adductor part= inferior ramrod pubis to linea aspera hamstring part= ischial tuberosity to medial supracondylar line of femur
Adductor longus
Innervation= obturator nerve Actions= adduction and medial rotation of thigh Attachments= originates from pubis attaches to linea aspera of femur
Adductor brevis
Innervation= obturator nerve Actions= adduction of thigh Attachments= body of pubis and inferior pubic rami to linea aspera proximal to adductor longus
Obturator externus
Innervation= obturator nerve Actions= lateral rotation of thigh Attachments= membrane of obturator foramen to greater trochanter
Gracilis
Innervation= obturator nerve Actions= adduction of thigh at hip and flexion of leg at knee Attachments= inferior rami of pubis, descends vertically down leg to gooses foot
Innervation of medial thigh
Except adductor Magnus= obturator nerve
Actions of medial thigh
Except obturator externus= adducts the thigh
Biceps femoris
Innervastion= sciatic nerve Actions= flexion at knee, extension at hip and lateral rotation at both Attachments= long head= ischial tuberosity short head= linea aspera both insert into head of fibula
Semitendonosus
Innervation= tibial part of sciatic nerve Action= flexes knee, extension of thigh at hip, medial rotation at both Attachments= ischial tuberosity of pelvis to medial surface of tibia
Semimembranosus
Innervation= tibial part of sciatic nerve Attachments= ischial tuberosity to medial tibial condyle Actions= flexion at knee, extension at hip medially rotates both
Innervation of posterior thigh
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
Actions of posterior thigh
Flexion at knee
Extension at hip
Medial rotation of both
Tibialis anterior
Innervation= deep fibular nerve
Actions= dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
Attachments=lateral surface of tibia to medial cuneiformand base of first metatarsal
Extensor digitorum longus - LEG
Innervation= deep fibular nerve
Actions= extension of lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
Attachments=lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula inserts into toes
Extensor hallucis longus
Innervation= deep fibular nerve Actions= extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot Attachments= medial surface of fibular shaft attaches to distal pahalanx of great toe
Fibularis tertius
Innervation= deep fibular nerve Actions= eversion and dorsiflexion of foot Attachments= extensor digitorum longus descends with EDL then attaches to fifth metatarsal
Innervation of anterior compartment of leg
Deep fibular nerve
Action all anterior leg
Dorsiflexion of the foot
Fibularis longus
Innervation= superficial fibular nerve
Actions= eversion and plantarflexion of foot
Attachments=superior and lateral surface of fibula attaches to cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
Fibularis brevis
Innervation= superficial fibular nerve
Action= eversion of the foot
Originates from inferolateral fibular shaft to tubercle on 5th metatarsal
Innervation of lateral leg
Superficial fibular nerve
Action of lateral leg
Eversion of foot
Gastrocnemius
Innervation= tibial nerve Actions= planatrflexion and flexes the knee Attachments= lateral head= lateral femoral condyle medial head= medial femoral condyle inserts into calcaneal tendon
Plantaris
Innervation= tibial nerve Actions= plantarflexes at ankle and flexes the knee Attachments= originates from lateral supracondylar ridge and blends with calcaneal tendon
Soleus
Innervation= tibial nerve Actions= plantarflexion Attachments= Soledad line of tibia joins the calcaneal tendon
Popliteus
Innervation= tibial nerve Actions= unlocks knee Attachments= posterior surface of proximal tibia to lateral condyle and meniscus of the knee
Tibialis posterior
Innervation= tibial nerve Actions= inverts and plantarflexes foot and maintains medial arch of foot Attachments= interosseous membrane to medial malleolus
Flexor digitorum longus (LEG)
Innervation= tibial nerve Action= flexes lateral four toes Attachments= medial surface of tibia attaches to plantar surface of lateral four digits
Flexor hallucis longus
Innervation= tibial nerve Action= flexes great toe Attachments= posterior surface of fibula to plantar surface of phalanx
Postrior leg innervation
Tibial nerve
Pectoralis major
Innervation= medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Action= adducts and medially rotates upper limb and draws scapula inferolaterally
Attachments=intertubecular sulcus of humerus to medial clavicle and sternum
Pectoralis minor
Innervation= medial pectoral nerve
Action=stabilises scapula
Attachments= 3rd to 5th ribs into coracoid process of scapula
Serratus anterior
Innervation= long thoracic nerve Action= allows arm to be raised over 90 degrees Attachments= lateral aspects of ribs1-8 and costal border of scapula
Subclavius
Innervation= nerve to subclavius Action= anchors and depresses clavicle Attachments= 1st rib to inferior surface of middle 3rd of clavicle
Trapezius
Innervation= accessory nerve Actions= upper fibres= elevate scapula and rotates during abduction of the arm lower fibres pull scapula inferiorly, middle fibres retract scapula Attachments= skull, nonchalant ligament and spinous processes, clavicle acromion and scapula spine
Latissmus dorsi
Innervation= thoracodorsal nerve Actions= extends,abducts and medially rotates upper limb Attachments= t6-12, iliac crest, thoracocolumbar fascia and inferior 3 ribs
Levator scapulae
Innervation= dorsal scapular nerve Action= elevates the scapula Attachments= c1-4 to medial border of scapula
Rhomboid major
Innervation= dorsal scapular nerve Actions= rotates and retracts scapula Attachments= t2-t5 vertebrae and medial border of scapula
Rhomboid minor
Innervation= dorsal scapula nerve Actions= retracts and rotates the scapula Attachments= c7-t1 vertebrae to medial border of scapula at level of spine of scapula
Deltoid
Innervation= axillary nerve Actions= anterior fibres = flex shoulder. Posterior fibres= extends arm at shoulder. Middle fibres= abduct the arm Attachments= scapula and clavicle and attaches to deltoid tuberosity on lateral surface of humerus
Teres major
Innervation= lower subscapular nerve
Action=adducts and medially rotates arm
Attachments= posterior inferior angle of scapula to intertubecular groove of humerus
Supraspinatus
Innervation= suprascapular nerve Actions= abducts the arm 0-15 degrees and assists deltoid 15-90 degrees Attachments= originates from supraspinatus fossa of scapula and attaches to greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus
Innervation= suprascapular nerve Actions= laterally rotates the arm Attachments= infraspinatus fossa of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor
Innervation= axillary nerve Action= laterally rotates arm Attachments= originates from posterior surface of scapula attaches to greater tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis
Innervation= upper and lower subscapular nerve
Action= medially rotates arm
Attachments=subscapular fossa to lesser tubercle of humerus
Biceps brachii
Innervation= musculocutaneous nerve
Action=supination and flexion of arm at elbow and shoulder
Attachments=supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and coracoid process of scapula to radial tuberosity
Coracobrachialis
Innervation= musculocutaneous nerve Actions= flexes shoulder Attachments= coracoid process to medial humoral shaft at level of deltoi tubercle
Brachialis
Innervation= musculocutaneous nerve Actions= flexion at elbow Attachments= medial and lateral surfaces of humoral shaft to ulna tuberosity
Triceps brachii
Innervation= radial nerve Function= extension of elbow Attachments= long head= infraspinatus glenoid tubercle lateral head= superior to radial groove medial medial head= inferior to radial groove to olecronon of ulna
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Innervation= ulnar nerve
Actions= flexion and adduction at wrist
Attachments=medial epicondyle to pisiform
Palmaris longus
Innervation= median nerve Action= flexes at wrist Attachments= medial epicondyle to flexor retinaculum at wrist
Flexor carpi radialis
Innervation=median nerve
Actions= flexion and abduction at wrist
Attachm,nets= medial epicondyle to metacarpals ii and iii
Pronator teres
Innervation= median nerve Actions= pronation of forearm Attachments= medial epicondyle coronoid process of ulna to mid shaft of radius
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervation= median nerve Actions= flexes MCP and PIP joints 4 fingers and flexes wrist Attachments= medial epicondyle of humerus and radius to four tendons at wrist
Flexor digitorum profundus
Innervation= medial half= ulnar nerve lateral half= median nerve Actions= flexes distal interphalangeal joints of fingers and MCP and at wrist Attachments= interossous membrane four tendons
Flexor pollucis longus
Innervation=median nerve
Actions= flexes IP and MCP joints
Attachments= anterior surface of radius and surronding interosseous membrane and base of signal phalanx
Pronator quadratus
Innervation=median nerve
Action= pronation
Attachments= anterior surface of ulna to anterior surface of radius
Brachioradialis
Innervation= radial nerve Actions= flexes elbow Attachments= proximal aspect of supracondylar ridge and distal end of radius
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Innervation= radial nerve Actions= extends and abducts the wrist Attachments= supracondylar ridge and attach to metacarpal bones 2 and 3
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Innervation= radial nerve Action= extends and abducts the wrist Attachments= lateral epicondyle to metacarpals 2 and 3
Extensor digitorum (ARM)
Innervation= radial nerve Actions= extends fingers at MCP and IP joints Attachments= lateral epicondyle to extensor hood of each arm
Extensor digiti minimi (ARM)
Innervation= deep branch of radial nerve Action= extension of little finger Attachment= lateral epicondyles to extensor hood of little finger
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Innervation= deep branch of radial nerve Actions= extension and adduction of wrist Attachments= lateral epicondyle of humerus to base of 5th metacarpal
Aconeus
Innervation= radial nerve Action= extends and stabilises elbow and abducts ulna during pronation of forearm Attachment= lateral epicondyle to lateral olecronon
Supinator
Innervation= deep branch of radial nerve Action= supination Attachments= lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of uln to posterior surface of radius
Abductor pollicis longus
Innervation= radial nerve Action= abducts thumb Attachments= interosseous membrane to base of first metacarpal
Extensor pollicis brevis
Innervation= radial nerve Actions= extends MCP and CMC joints of thumb Attachments= posterior radial surface to base of proximalphalanx of thumb
Extensor pollucis longus
Innervation= radial nerve Action= extends all thumb joints Attachments= posterior surface of ulna to distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor indicis proprius
Innervation= radial nerve Action= extends index finger Attachments= posterior surface of ulna to extenso hood of index finger
Opponens pollicis
Innervation= medial nerve
Action= opposition of thumb
Attachments=tubercle of trapezium to lateral margin of metacarpal of thumb
Abductor pollicis brevis
Innervation= median nerve Action= abducts the thumb Attachments= tubercles of scaphoid and trapeziumto lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
Flexor pollucis brevis
Innervation= median nerve Action= flexes the MCP joint of thumb Attachments= tubercle of trapezium to proximal phalanx
Opponens digiti minimi
Innervation= ulnar nerve
Action= opposition of little finger
Attachments=hook of hamate to medial margin of 5th metacarpal
Abductor digiti minimi (ARM)
Innervation= ulnar nerve Action= abducts little finger Attachments= pisiform to proximal phalanx of little finger
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (ARM)
Innervation= ulnar nerve Actions= flexes MCP joint of little finger Attachments= hook of hamate to proximal phalanx
